DPSP under the Indian Constitution aims to guide the nation toward the establishment of a just and equitable society. Read more about DPSP under the Indian Constitution here!

Introduction 

The Directive Principles of State Policy, which are outlined in Part IV of the Constitution, specify the goals and objectives that the states must adopt to govern the nation. The concept of DPSP has been taken from the Irish Constitution.

The DPSP outlines specific economic and social policies that the Indian government must implement. They impose particular duties on the state to act favorably in specific directions to advance public welfare and achieve economic democracy.

Are DPSPs legally enforceable?

Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are justiciable and enforceable by the courts, DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature. This means that they are not legally enforceable by the courts, although they are fundamental in the governance of the country. Although not enforceable by courts, DPSPs are considered fundamental in the interpretation of laws and judicial decisions. Courts often consider DPSPs while adjudicating cases related to socio-economic issues, ensuring that government policies are in line with constitutional ideals.

Article 36 of the Indian Constitution

Article 36 of the Indian Constitution defines “state” as used in Part IV, which encompasses the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). It clarifies that the term “state” in Article 36 holds the same meaning defined in Article 12 of Part III of the Constitution.

Article 36 establishes a consistent understanding of the term “state” across different parts of the Constitution. By linking it to Article 12, this provision ensures that the concept of “state” remains uniform and is approbated to the same significance throughout the Constitution, including fundamental rights and directive principles.

Article 37 of the Indian Constitution

Article 37 of the Indian Constitution outlines that the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are not legally enforceable by courts. Instead, it indicates that the principles in Part IV of the Constitution are fundamental guidelines the state should keep in mind while framing laws and policies.

Article 37 recognizes the importance of these principles in guiding the state’s governance decisions. Although not directly enforceable, they serve as a moral compass for legislative action, emphasizing the state’s duty to work toward the welfare of the people and the development of a just and equitable society.

Article 38 of the Indian Constitution

Article 38 emphasizes that the state should work to secure the welfare of the people. This involves preserving social, economic, and political justice and promoting all citizens’ welfare. Additionally, the state minimizes disparities in status, opportunities, and amenities among various sections of society.

Article 38 underscores the importance of achieving social and economic equality. It signifies the state’s commitment to uplifting marginalized sections and ensuring the development benefits are accessible to all citizens. Article 38 aims to create a more equitable and inclusive society by promoting social justice.

Article 39 of the Indian Constitution

Article 39 of the Indian Constitution emphasizes the state’s obligation to ensure adequate means of subsistence for all citizens.

1. The article stresses preventing the concentration of wealth and means of production to the detriment of the common good.
2. It advocates for equal pay for equal work.
3. The article enumerates that people shouldn’t take advantage of children’s young and vulnerable years. Children shouldn’t be pressured by financial hardship to pursue careers that aren’t healthy for their physical and psychological development.

Article 39 seeks to establish economic equality by advocating equal pay for equal work and discouraging exploitative employment practices. Additionally, it aims to protect children’s rights and ensure that financial pressure does not compel individuals to engage in occupations harmful to their health and development.

Article 39A of the Indian Constitution

This article was added by the 42nd Amendment Act 1976. This provision extends the right to free legal assistance, ensuring access to justice for all citizens, particularly the marginalized and disadvantaged.

Article 39A acknowledges that equal justice is essential to a just society. By providing free legal aid, the article seeks to ensure that socio-economic constraints do not hinder an individual’s access to legal remedies and protection of their rights.

Article 40 of the Indian Constitution

Village panchayat organizations are governed by Article 40. To implement this directive, the Parliament passed the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992, which added Part 9 to the Constitution and addressed panchayats at the village level.

Article 40 aims to empower local communities by decentralizing decision-making and administration. Establishing village panchayats promotes participatory democracy, as citizens are directly involved in local governance and development initiatives.

Article 41 of the Indian Constitution

Article 41, “Right to Work, Education, and Public Assistance,” requires the state to make adequate provisions for securing the right to work, the right to education, and the right to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, illness, or disability within the boundaries of its economic capacity.

Article 41 reflects the commitment to socio-economic well-being. It led to the passing of necessary legislation, such as the Right to Education Act and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. This provision aims to uplift vulnerable groups and provide them with opportunities for dignified living.

The state passed the Right to Education Act and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of 2005 in furtherance of achieving the objectives under this act.

Article 42 of the Indian Constitution

Article 42 of the Indian Constitution is a directive principle that underlines the responsibility of the state to establish just and humane conditions of work and provide maternity relief.

The first aspect of Article 42 emphasizes the creation of fair, just, and humane working conditions for individuals across different occupations. This includes addressing reasonable wages, appropriate working hours, safe environments, and protecting employees’ rights. This directive aims to prevent exploitation and promote a dignified work atmosphere. Several laws and regulations in India embody this principle, including the Factories Act of 1948, which focuses on the health, safety, and welfare of workers in factories. Additionally, various labour laws and regulations, such as the Minimum Wages Act and the Payment of Wages Act, contribute to ensuring equitable treatment, reasonable compensation, and decent working hours for employees.

The second facet of Article 42 centres around providing maternity relief, acknowledging the significance of support for pregnant women and new mothers. The Maternity Benefits Act of 1961 is a pivotal law in this regard, as it outlines provisions for maternity leave, payment of maternity benefits, and other facilities to ensure the well-being of pregnant and nursing women. The Act aligns with the directive to offer maternity relief to women employees in the workforce.

Although the Directive Principles of State Policy are not legally enforceable in courts, they serve as guidelines for the government to craft policies and laws for the betterment of society. It’s worth mentioning that while discussing just and humane conditions of work, the Equal Remuneration Act of 1976 stands out as it prohibits gender-based wage discrimination and promotes equal pay for equal work, fostering fairness and equality in the workplace.

Furthermore, the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013, while not directly related to Article 42, contributes to the creation of just and humane conditions of work by addressing workplace harassment and creating a safer work environment.

Article 42 of the Indian Constitution reflects the commitment of the state to establish equitable working conditions and provide maternity relief. Through various laws and regulations such as the Factories Act, the Maternity Benefits Act, the Equal Remuneration Act, and more, the principles of Article 42 are translated into actionable measures that contribute to the welfare and dignity of workers and pregnant women across the nation.

Article 43 of the Indian Constitution

Article 43 emphasizes the State’s responsibility to ensure that all workers, whether engaged in agriculture, industry, or other fields, receive a wage that is sufficient to provide them with a decent standard of living.

The article also stresses the need for suitable working conditions that contribute to a dignified life for workers. This includes factors such as safe working environments, reasonable working hours, and appropriate facilities.

The directive in Article 43 aligns with the broader vision of creating a welfare state in India, where the government is responsible for the welfare and development of its citizens.

The emphasis on cottage industries recognizes the importance of decentralized economic activities and rural development. This can help reduce the economic disparities between urban and rural areas.

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution emphasizes the establishment of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) that applies uniformly to all citizens, regardless of their religious affiliations. The underlying intention is to foster social cohesion and unity among diverse religious communities by ensuring consistent personal laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.

The UCC primarily aims to eliminate disparities due to varying personal laws rooted in religious beliefs.

It envisions a legal framework that upholds equality, justice, and gender fairness. Article 44 aims to create a fair and uniform legal system that respects individual rights and promotes a level playing field for all citizens, irrespective of their religious backgrounds.

Article 45 of the Indian Constitution

Article 45 highlights the significance of providing early care and education to children under six. The emphasis is on building a solid foundation for their comprehensive development, encompassing physical, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions.

This provision recognizes that investing in early childhood education lays the groundwork for lifelong learning and achievement.

This particular DPSP was made into a fundamental right by the 86th Amendment Act of 2002. This amendment has added a new article 21A which has made the right to education a fundamental right. It provides that the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6 to 14 years in such manner as the state may by law determine.

Article 45 underscores the importance of ensuring children receive quality education and care during their formative years, equipping them for formal education. It aims to enhance their cognitive abilities, language skills, creativity, and social interactions. This early intervention reduces educational disparities and empowers children to become informed and active citizens.

Article 46 of the Indian Constitution

Article 46 acknowledges the historical disadvantages faced by marginalized communities, including Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). It seeks to address these disparities through affirmative action and measures that promote their social upliftment.

To make reservations for SC, ST, and OBC, the Parliament amended articles 15 and 16 with new clauses for the advancement of EWS and individuals falling under the abovementioned categories.

Article 46 seeks to promote social justice and inclusive development. This article aims to bridge socio-economic gaps and ensure equal participation in the nation’s progress by providing reservations in education and employment. It underscores the government’s commitment to rectify historical inequalities and create a more equitable society.

Article 47 of the Indian Constitution

Article 47 places a significant emphasis on public health and well-being. It mandates that the state work towards improving its citizens’ nutrition and living standards. Additionally, the provision seeks to regulate the consumption of harmful substances, such as drugs and alcoholic beverages, for non-medical purposes.

Article 47 aims to prioritize the health of the population. By regulating substance abuse, the article aims to mitigate the adverse effects of addiction on individuals, families, and society.

Furthermore, the focus on nutrition improvement aims to prevent malnutrition and related health issues, contributing to a healthier and more productive populace.

Article 48 of the Indian Constitution

Article 48 underscores the necessity of modernizing agricultural practices and animal husbandry. It highlights the importance of preventing the slaughter of cows, calves, and milch and draught cattle while promoting the preservation and improvement of cattle breeds.

The article aims to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development. By encouraging modern techniques and scientific methods in farming, the article seeks to enhance farm productivity and rural livelihoods.

The protection of cattle breeds acknowledges their cultural, economic, and ecological significance and promotes their conservation.

Article 48A of the Indian Constitution

Introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, this Article reflects the growing global awareness of environmental conservation. It underscores the state’s responsibility to protect and improve the environment, specifically focusing on forest and wildlife preservation.

Article 48A addresses ecological concerns and aims to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. It emphasizes the importance of environmental balance, recognizing that responsible stewardship is crucial for the well-being of present and future generations.

By protecting forests, wildlife, and ecological systems, this provision contributes to environmental sustainability.

Article 49 of the Indian Constitution

Article 49 aims to safeguard India’s rich cultural and historical heritage. It pertains to protecting ancient and historical monuments, archaeological sites, and items of national importance.

Article 49 seeks to preserve and showcase the nation’s diverse heritage, from ancient civilizations to recent historical periods.

The provision ensures that future generations can learn from and appreciate India’s past by safeguarding monuments and archaeological sites. This contributes to fostering a sense of national identity and cultural understanding.

The Ancient and Historical Monuments, Archaeological Sites, and Remains (Declaration of National Importance) Act 1951 was passed by Parliament in furtherance of this article.

Article 50 of the Indian Constitution

Article 50 focuses on maintaining the integrity of the legal system. It underscores the importance of separating the judiciary from the executive branch of government, ensuring an impartial and fair administration of justice.

Article 50 aims to prevent any undue influence on the legal process. The provision seeks to uphold the principles of justice and the rule of law by ensuring that the judiciary operates independently, free from political pressures. This separation safeguards citizens’ rights and promotes the equitable application of legal standards.

Article 51 of the Indian Constitution

Article 51 emphasizes India’s commitment to global peace, security, and cooperation. It encourages the state to promote international harmony and adherence to international treaties and laws. As per this article, the state is obliged to:-

1. Encourage world peace and security,
2. Uphold moral and just relations between states
3. Encourage adherence to international treaties and laws.
4. Promote the resolution of international conflicts by arbitration

Article 51 reflects India’s dedication to ethical and just relations with other nations. By promoting peace and cooperation, the provision aims to contribute to a stable international environment.

It recognizes that upholding international norms and treaties benefits India and the global community, fostering positive interactions and conflict resolution.

Conclusion

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) under the Indian Constitution play a significant role in guiding the nation towards the establishment of a just and equitable society. Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are justiciable and enforceable by the courts, DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature. Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are justiciable and enforceable by the courts, DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature. Over the years, DPSPs have evolved to reflect changing societal needs and aspirations, ensuring that they remain relevant in guiding the nation’s development.

Introduction 

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 is a significant piece of legislation in India aimed at addressing the issue of domestic violence against women. The issue of domestic violence continues to be a prevalent concern that impacts women from diverse backgrounds, encompassing factors such as age, religion, caste, and socioeconomic status. Although men, children, and the elderly can also be victims of this social ill, women make up the majority of those it affects.

In contemporary times, endeavors have been undertaken by governmental bodies, media outlets, and advocacy organizations to tackle the issue of domestic violence. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 in India outlines the definition of domestic violence and endeavors to offer protection and justice to those affected by it. Additionally, the act seeks to raise awareness and establish accountability.

Definition of Domestic Violence 

Domestic violence encompasses a range of forms, including abuse of seniors, abuse of children, and honour-based abuse such as female genital mutilation and honour killing. The phenomenon is predominantly observed in intimate cohabiting relationships, which typically involve individuals who are related by blood or marriage. The legislation acknowledges the various manifestations of abuse and underscores their illegality.

Objective of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

The legislation aims to accomplish multiple goals, which include:

1. The proposition of designating and criminalising all instances of domestic violence as illegal and liable to penalization.
2. Ensuring the safeguarding of individuals who have experienced domestic violence.
3. The objective is to provide efficient and affordable legal recourse to individuals who have been wronged in a timely and convenient manner.
4. The prevention of domestic violence and the implementation of suitable measures in response to its occurrence
5. The implementation of programmes aimed at facilitating victim recovery and increasing awareness regarding domestic violence ensuring the accountability of offenders through the implementation of rigorous penalties.
6. Conforming to global norms in the prevention of domestic violence.
7. The Domestic Violence Act of 2005 encompasses fundamental provisions that are crucial to addressing domestic violence.

Provisions of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005

1. In accordance with Section 8, the state government appoints protection officers, who are typically female, to aid magistrates in fulfilling their responsibilities.
2. According to Section 9, protection officers are responsible for a range of powers and functions. These include reporting incidents of domestic violence, facilitating the application process for protective orders, providing legal assistance, maintaining lists of service providers, arranging medical examinations, and ensuring compliance with monetary relief orders.
3. Section 10 outlines the powers and functions of service providers, which may include registered voluntary associations or companies. These entities are responsible for recording and reporting incidents of domestic violence, facilitating medical examinations, and providing shelter to victims.
4. Section 5 outlines the duties and functions of police officers and magistrates in relation to domestic violence cases. These professionals are tasked with specific responsibilities, such as providing victims with information regarding their rights and available services, in order to effectively address incidents of domestic violence.
5. Sections 6 and 7 outline the responsibilities of shelter homes and medical facilities, respectively. Shelter homes are tasked with providing lodging for victims, while medical facilities are responsible for administering essential medical aid.
6. The Act imposes obligations on both the Central and State governments, which encompass disseminating information about the Act, providing education and training on sensitivity and awareness, and guaranteeing the appropriate execution of women’s services.

How to seek relief under PWDVA, 2005?

An application may be submitted to the Magistrate by the aggrieved party, the Protection Officer, or any authorised individual to request the reliefs outlined in the Act. It is imperative for the magistrate to promptly arrange a hearing within a span of three days and endeavour to resolve all applications within a period of 60 days.

Legal Remedies under PWDVA, 2005

1. Section 20 of the Act permits the magistrate to order the respondent to provide financial compensation to the victim for a range of expenses, such as loss of income, medical costs, property damage, and upkeep. Non-compliance may lead to the garnishment of wages or debt.
2. In accordance with Section 21, the magistrate has the authority to award custody of minors to either the victim or the individual who has filed the application on their behalf.
3. In accordance with Section 18, the magistrate has the authority to issue protection orders if there is sufficient evidence to establish the occurrence of domestic violence.These orders serve to prohibit the respondent from engaging in violent behaviour or facilitating such behaviour, as well as from contacting the victim or entering their place of employment.
4. According to Section 19, the magistrate possesses the authority to issue residence orders, which enable the victim to dwell in the communal residence or any other location of their preference. In the event of a requirement for alternative accommodation, the respondent may be instructed to provide such accommodation.
5. Section 22 of the relevant legislation provides that the magistrate has the authority to order the respondent to provide compensation to the victim for any physical or mental injuries resulting from the domestic violence, in addition to any other remedies that may be available.
6. Section 31 of the Act stipulates that the breach of protection orders constitutes an actionable offence. The potential consequences for the respondent include a maximum sentence of one year of imprisonment, a monetary penalty, or a combination of both.

Criticism of Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 

1. The Act’s provisions notwithstanding, a considerable number of individuals, particularly those residing in rural areas, exhibit a dearth of knowledge regarding their entitlements and the legal remedies at their disposal. It is essential to undertake measures aimed at augmenting consciousness and guaranteeing efficient execution.
2. Domestic violence cases frequently remain unreported due to a variety of factors, such as societal pressure, fear, economic dependence, and cultural considerations. It is important to promote reporting by means of awareness campaigns and the provision of support services.
3. Insufficient resources present a challenge to victims who are seeking assistance due to the limited availability of shelter homes, legal aid, and support services. It is imperative to allocate sufficient resources and infrastructure to cater to the increasing demand.
4. The accumulation of cases in the judicial system frequently results in postponed justice, which may potentially demotivate complainants from pursuing legal recourse. Efforts to accelerate the judicial process are imperative in order to ensure prompt resolution.
5. It is imperative that stakeholders involved in domestic violence cases, including police officers and magistrates, receive regular gender-sensitive training to comprehend the intricacies and sensitivities of such cases.

Conclusion 

In conclusion, the Protection of Women From Domestic Violence Act of 2005 plays a pivotal role in upholding the rights of women and affording them legal safeguards against instances of domestic violence. It is important to acknowledge and confront the constraints and obstacles in order to guarantee the efficacious execution of the proposed plan.

Sustained endeavours aimed at increasing consciousness, improving the provision of assistance, and fortifying the legal structure will serve to foster a more secure and protected milieu for individuals who have experienced domestic violence.

CLATalogue, powered by Lawctopus, is thrilled to introduce an exclusive subscription plan designed to help you ace your law entrance exams! Whether you’re preparing for CLAT or AILET, we’ve got the right resources to give you a competitive edge.

About CLATalogue

Launched on 5th November 2020, CLATalogue was created to cater to law aspirants aiming for NLUs and top law universities. With over 95,000 new readers visiting us each month, we offer preparatory materials, advisory posts, sample questions, and more, all crafted by NLU graduates to ensure accuracy and relevance.

Our comprehensive resources range from various trend and pattern analyses, and detailed notes to inspiring stories from #CLATStory alumni- all curated to ensure you stay on top of your prep!

Why Subscribe to CLATalogue?

Are you tired of limited access and want to unlock the full potential of your law prep? By upgrading to a premium plan today, you will have access to the best materials that CLATalogue has to offer!

CLATalogue’s subscription is meant to ensure you have access to preparatory materials and mocks from the comfort of your home at affordable prices. 

Our team consists of NLU students and graduates who work on the resources with one goal in mind- to help YOU ace the test with confidence and clarity!

Our ‘Ask a Question’ feature is meant to provide answers to your questions within 48 hours. Have questions about concepts in law, upcoming examinations, and more? Write to Team CLATalogue!

To help you get started on a successful career path, we have included 1-1 mentorship sessions with our experienced  in-house career counselors in our premium plans. 

CLATalogue Subscription Plan

To make it even better, we’re offering an exclusive 40% discount for our launch period! This is your chance to get top-quality resources at an unbeatable price and gain the edge you’ve been looking for. Stay tuned for the big day, and get ready to unlock your full potential with us!

How to Subscribe?

Keep an eye on this space to learn more!

Contact Details

Do you have a question or need assistance? We’re here to help you every step of the way.

Connect with our Editorial Head at [email protected]

Updating Test Centre for CLAT 2025

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has released important updates regarding the CLAT 2025 exam, scheduled for December 1, 2024. Per the latest CLAT Consortium notification, CLAT 2025 candidates can update their test location preferences indicated in their application form on or before 11.59 P.M. on October 25, 2024. The Consortium will not entertain subsequent requests for a change of test location.

The exam will be conducted across multiple cities in India, and this update allows candidates to select or modify their test center based on convenience, reducing the need for long-distance travel. The selection of the right center is important as candidates are advised to choose a location that is easily accessible.

How to Update Test Centre for CLAT 2025? 

Steps to update the test location preferences on the portal:

1. Login to your CLAT account at the CLAT 2025 website;
2. Click the ‘Edit Application Form’ button;
3. Navigate to the ‘Test Centre Preferences’ tab;
4. Check your test location preferences, and update if required;
5. Click the Next (>) button to go to the ‘Reservation’ tab;
6. Scroll down, agree to the declaration; and
7. Click the ‘Submit Form’ button.

Correction Window for CLAT 2025 Application Form

The Consortium has also opened a correction window for candidates to make necessary changes to their application forms. This is an essential opportunity to ensure that all details, including personal information, educational qualifications, and other key data, are accurate and up to date. Candidates who may have made errors during the initial application submission can now rectify those mistakes.

Key details that can be corrected include:

• Personal information (name, date of birth, contact details)
• Programme Applied (UG/PG)
• Eligibility for Reservation

Steps to Correct CLAT 2025 Application Form

1. To verify your details, login to your CLAT account at the CLAT 2025 website;
2. Click the ‘Print Application’ button;
3. Check your details to see if they are accurate;
4. If any changes are required, click the ‘Edit Application’ button;
5. Once you have made any changes necessary, carefully review the complete
application form; and
6. Go to Reservations tab and click the ‘Submit Form’ button.

Important Note: No requests for changes to information provided in the CLAT 2025 Application Form will be entertained after 11:59 PM on October 25, 2024.

Consortium of NLUs launched a mental health initiative for CLAT aspirants, offering webinars and counseling services to manage exam stress.

Recognizing the challenges and stress students face while preparing for such competitive exams, the Consortium has partnered with 1to1help to provide a range of emotional health support services.

Students can access these resources by logging into their Consortium accounts and scrolling down to the “Emotional Support Resources” section on the official website.

Services Offered

1. Webinar on Managing Academic Distress for CLAT Aspirants
   Preparing for competitive exams like CLAT can be overwhelming, and students often face academic distress. To address this, 1to1help is offering a webinar designed to help students manage exam pressure, develop effective study routines, and maintain emotional well-being throughout the preparation phase.

   Date: 9th October 2024
   Time: 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
   Facilitator: Ms. Manopriya T
   Registration: Available through the Consortium portal

   This session will offer strategies to stay calm, focused, and perform optimally during the CLAT 2024 season.

2. Webinar on Time Management and Prioritization

   Many students struggle to balance their study schedules and other responsibilities. This webinar aims to teach effective time management techniques, helping students prioritize tasks, reduce stress, and improve productivity while still taking care of their personal well-being.

   Date: 11th October 2024
   Time: 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
   Facilitator: Ms. Alpana Sawant
   Registration: Available through the Consortium portal

Additional Mental Well-being Tips

Understanding the emotional toll that exam preparation can take, the Consortium has also introduced key mental well-being tips through its partnership with 1to1help. These include:

• Connecting students with trained psychologists to manage exam-related stress.
• Learning relaxation techniques to remain calm.
• Identifying unhealthy coping mechanisms and replacing them with healthier alternatives.
• Improving concentration and developing better study habits.
• Offering a non-judgmental space for students to express concerns and seek guidance.

However, the support does not extend to long-term therapy or clinical interventions.

Accessing 1to1help Support

Students can choose between telephonic, video, or chat-based sessions starting from October 8, 2024. To access these services, students must follow simple steps outlined on the website, including signing up with their CLAT registration ID and setting up an appointment for confidential counseling.

For telephonic sessions, students can call the toll-free number at 1800-258-8345 to connect with a counselor.

For video or chat-based sessions, students can sign up on the 1to1help portal and book an appointment.

This initiative by the Consortium of NLUs underscores their commitment to the holistic well-being of students, ensuring that emotional and mental health remains a priority during the intense preparation for CLAT 2024.

For more information, students can visit the official Consortium website or reach out to the CLAT office.

Introduction

Under the provisions of Section 2(h) of the Indian Contract Act 1872, a contract that is capable of being enforced by law is considered valid. Moreover, all contracts are subject to certain prerequisites that must be fulfilled, as stipulated in Section 10 of the Act.

These prerequisites include consideration, free consent, a contract object that is lawful, and the involvement of competent parties. Consequently, consideration under Indian Contract Act emerges as a pivotal requirement for the validity of a contract, particularly in light of the fact that a contract lacking valid consideration is rendered void, as delineated in Section 25 of the Act.

Essential Elements of Consideration

The concept of consideration under Indian Contract Act has been delineated under Section 2(d), which emphasizes the significance of a mutual comprehension or agreement in a contractual context. It stipulates that the promisor must have offered a commitment to perform an action or refrain from doing so, as discussed and agreed upon by the involved parties.

In the legal precedent of Currie v. Misa case, consideration is defined as “An advantageous consideration, in the legal sense, can be constituted by a variety of factors such as rights, interests, refraining, detriments, losses, or responsibilities bestowed, endured, or assumed by the counterparty.”

Past and Present Consideration under Indian Contract Act

The nature of consideration encompasses three distinct categories: past, present, and future consideration.

Past consideration refers to instances where consideration has been exchanged between parties prior to the creation of a formal written agreement. It is important to note that while past consideration is acknowledged within Indian law, it is not recognized as a valid form of consideration under English law.

On the other hand, present consideration occurs when both parties provide consideration simultaneously or when there is a concurrent movement of consideration between them. English law does not permit the inclusion of past considerations. However, even within English law, there have been exceptions to the rule regarding past consideration in certain cases.

These cases involve situations where the repayment of a promise or debt is prevented by the law of limitation, where a promise or debt involves a voidable obligation (such as when a minor requests past consideration after reaching the age of majority), and where a promise or debt has been discharged or cannot be enforced due to bankruptcy.

On the other hand, India universally accepts past consideration, as long as the parties have mutually agreed for such consideration to remain valid.

Adequate Consideration under Indian Contract Act

While it is anticipated that the valuation of consideration must be duly assessed to be equivalent to the value presented by the promisor, it is not necessarily required to be adequate; nevertheless, it would still be considered valid.

Suppose A promises to sell his car to B for Rs. 1. While this may seem like an inadequate consideration, it’s still sufficient because it’s something of value being exchanged.

There exist various principles that are applicable to the sufficiency of consideration in the realm of contract law. These principles include:

1. If an individual was already obligated to perform the specific task in question prior to the formation of the contract, the consideration is deemed inadequate and invalid.

2. Once the parties have mutually agreed upon a consideration, it is binding upon them regardless of its adequacy.

3. Consideration is considered inadequate if it is without value or if it is deceptive.

4. The value of consideration must be discernible and ascertainable in the eyes of the court of law.

5. Consideration is deemed inadequate if it contravenes public policy.

These principles also delineate the distinction between sufficient consideration and adequate consideration. While adequate consideration takes into consideration the worth of the consideration, regardless of its fairness.

Conversely, sufficient consideration is examined within the framework of equitable value. In the instance of Thomas v. Thomas, even a yearly consideration of £1 was permitted, taking into account that the consideration did possess some economic value. It could be contended that the consideration was neither sufficient nor adequate, yet it holds legal validity.

Furthermore, in the case of White v. Bluett, a commitment made by a son to not bore his father was not considered to be a valid consideration due to the absence of an economic nature to the consideration.

Conclusion

Consideration under Indian Contract Act is a crucial element in forming a valid contracts. It represents the price or value exchanged between parties, and for a contract to be enforceable, there must be lawful, two-sided, and sufficient consideration.

In cases when the court decides that the consideration is not adequate then the contract does not become void but rather becomes unenforceable and raises questions on the bargaining power of the parties. This means that the promise made by the promisor in exchange for the act is what is held against the promisor.

Even though the Indian Contract Act does not mention the difference between nominal consideration and inadequate consideration, the Courts through various cases have made sure that the difference stands strong; one such case is that of Midland Bank trust vs Green. The laws related to these are very specific and do not hold the chance of loopholes but establishing the inadequacy of consideration can be a complex task for the court.

The National Testing Agency (NTA) successfully conducted the UGC NET June 2024 (Rescheduled) Examination in Computer-Based Test (CBT) mode across various cities in the country. The exam was held for 83 subjects and took place over several days, specifically on 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th August and 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th September 2024.

In the June 2024 session of the UGC NET exam, a total of 11,21,225 candidates registered, with approximately 9,08,580 applicants appearing for the test. The exam, held for the positions of Assistant Professor and Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), took place across 541 exam centers in 360 cities

Following the completion of the exams, NTA released the Provisional Answer Keys along with the Question Papers for the candidates. These are available on the official UGC NET website. The UGC NET provisional answer keys were released in phases and the window to file objections closed on September 14.

The much-awaited UGC NET June 2024 Rescheduled Session results are to be announced soon. Thousands of candidates who appeared for the rescheduled exam can check their results online.

How to Check UGC NET 2024 Result?

1. Visit the official website: https://ugcnet.nta.nic.in.
2. Click on the “UGC NET June 2024 Rescheduled Result” link.
3. Enter your application number and date of birth to log in.
4. Your result will be displayed on the screen.
5. Download and take a printout for future reference.

What is the Passing Mark for UGC NET 2024?

Typically, cut-offs vary based on the difficulty of the paper, the number of candidates, and their category. The NTA releases the cut-off marks category-wise and subject-wise. These cut-offs are crucial in determining whether you qualify for Assistant Professorship or both JRF and Assistant Professorship.

UGC NET Courses

If you are interest in attempting the UGC NET, check out our self-paced course on UGC NET to help you ace the test at your own pace!

If you are interested in taking the UGC NET with Law as your optional, check out this course by LLS developed by experts who have cleared the UGC NET exam.

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has officially released the second sample paper for CLAT 2025 on September 28, 2024. CLAT 2025 is all set to be held on December 1, 2024 and aspiring candidates can use these sample questions to familiarise themselves with the latest pattern of CLAT examination.

CLAT sample papers offer students a realistic glimpse into the structure and types of questions they will face during the actual exam.

However, while these papers serve as a helpful guide for understanding question patterns and themes, they do not fully guarantee that the difficulty level in the real exam will be identical. There may be variations in complexity and the style of questions, making it essential to prepare beyond just the sample papers.

Steps to Download Sample Paper for CLAT 2025

• Login to your account on the official website.
• Scroll down and locate the ‘Access Sample Questions’ button.
• Click on ‘Attempt’ to start testing your knowledge and ‘re-attempt’ to take the test again.

About CLAT 2025

CLAT 2025 Important Dates

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Judicial Activism in India
Judicial Restraint: Limiting Judicial Power
Judicial Overreach: When Activism Goes Too Far
Do we need Judicial Activism in India?
Cases on Judicial Activism in India
The Role of Judicial Restraint
The Pitfalls of Judicial Overreach
Conclusion

Introduction

Judicial activism in India is a concept that signifies the proactive role of the judiciary in safeguarding the rights of citizens. This practice first emerged and developed in the United States.

In India, the power to examine the constitutionality of laws rests with the Supreme Court and the High Courts. If a law is found to be inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution, the court can declare it unconstitutional. It is important to note that subordinate courts lack the authority to review the constitutionality of laws.

Judicial Activism in India

The term “judicial activism” was coined by historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. in 1947. The foundation of judicial activism in India was laid by eminent jurists such as Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer, Justice P.N Bhagwati, Justice O. Chinnappa Reddy, and Justice D.A Desai.

However, judicial activism has not been without its share of criticisms. It has sparked controversy regarding the supremacy between Parliament and the Supreme Court. Some argue that it can disrupt the delicate balance of the separation of powers and checks and balances in a democracy.

Judicial Restraint: Limiting Judicial Power

In contrast, judicial restraint is the antithesis of judicial activism. It advocates for judges to limit the exercise of their own power and to interpret the law without intervening in policy-making.

Instead, judges should decide cases based on the original intent of the Constitution and precedent. They should refrain from setting new policies through their decisions and leave policy-making to other branches of government.

For instance, the landmark case of S.R. Bommai v Union of India (1994) illustrates judicial restraint. In this case, the judiciary asserted that certain matters are political in nature and not subject to judicial review. By doing so, the court respected the separation of powers and avoided interfering in political decisions.

Judicial Overreach: When Activism Goes Too Far

When judicial activism goes beyond its intended bounds and becomes judicial adventurism, it is referred to as judicial overreach. In simpler terms, this occurs when the judiciary starts interfering with the proper functioning of the legislative or executive branches of government. Such overreach is undesirable in a democracy as it breaches the principle of the separation of powers.

The impact of judicial overreach can be significant. It may lead to a lack of harmony between the legislature and judiciary, creating an impression of legislative inaction. In some cases, judicial overreach may result in decisions that require expertise in areas where the judiciary lacks knowledge.

The judiciary has argued that it steps in only when the legislature or executive fails in its functions. However, it is crucial for courts to remain within their jurisdiction to uphold the principle of the separation of powers. 

Do we need Judicial Activism in India?

Judicial activism has become necessary due to several factors. One of the primary reasons is the failure of the executive and legislatures to take effective action. When doubts arise about the ability of these branches of government to deliver desired results, judicial activism fills the gap. It occurs because the entire system has been plagued by ineffectiveness and inactiveness.

Additionally, the violation of basic human rights has often necessitated judicial activism. In cases where provisions of the Constitution have been misused and abused, the judiciary has played a vital role in upholding the rights of individuals.

Rampant corruption in other branches of government, executive apathy, legislative negligence of duties, and a continuous degradation of democratic principles have further underscored the need for judicial activism.

Cases on Judicial Activism in India

In the legal landscape of India, several landmark cases have played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s jurisprudence.

The case of G. Satyanarayana v Eastern Power Distribution Company in 2004 stands out as it introduced crucial regulations in labor law, specifically addressing issues related to worker dismissal based on misconduct.

Another noteworthy case is Vishaka v State of Rajasthan in 1997, where the Supreme Court established guidelines aimed at ensuring the proper treatment of women in all workplaces. These guidelines were emphasized as being tantamount to law until Parliament enacted legislation for gender equality.

In 1973, the Kesavananda Bharati case made history by firmly declaring that the executive had no right to tamper with the fundamental structure of the constitution, reinforcing the judiciary’s role in safeguarding the integrity of the constitution. 

Similarly, the case of Sheela Barse v State of Maharashtra in 1983 demonstrated the judiciary’s commitment to addressing societal issues as it treated a journalist’s letter addressing custodial violence against women prisoners as a writ petition. 

Furthermore, the landmark judgment of I. C. Golaknath v State Of Punjab in 1967 asserted that Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part 3 of the Indian Constitution were immune to amendments by the legislative assembly, setting a precedent for protecting these rights. 

Lastly, the case of Hussainara Khatoon (I) v State of Bihar in 1979 highlighted the dire conditions of undertrial prisoners and reinforced the right to a speedy trial as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. These cases collectively showcase the judiciary’s proactive role in shaping Indian law and championing justice and fundamental rights.

These cases demonstrate how judicial activism has been instrumental in shaping the legal landscape of India, protecting individual rights, and upholding democratic values.

The Role of Judicial Restraint 

While judicial activism is essential, so is judicial restraint. Judicial restraint helps preserve the balance among the three branches of government: the judiciary, executive, and legislative. It upholds the laws established by the government in the legislature and respects the separation of governmental powers. Courts practicing restraint allow the legislature and the executive to carry out their duties without undue interference and refrain from policymaking.

In the case of S.R. Bommai v Union of India, the Supreme Court exemplified judicial restraint by recognizing that certain matters are political questions beyond the scope of judicial review. This decision marked a respect for the democratic form of government and the division of responsibilities among branches.

Similarly, in Almitra H. Patel v Union of India (1998), the Supreme Court refused to directly intervene in administrative decisions related to cleanliness in Delhi, demonstrating restraint and deferring to executive authorities.

The Pitfalls of Judicial Overreach

However, when judicial activism goes too far and becomes judicial overreach, it poses significant challenges to the democratic system. Judicial overreach occurs when the judiciary excessively interferes with the legislative and executive branches. It can lead to a breach of the principle of separation of powers, a lack of harmony between the branches, and a decrease in public trust in democracy.

For instance, the censorship of the film Jolly LLB II through a writ petition was seen as an example of judicial overreach. The case alleged that the film portrayed the legal profession in a negative light and constituted contempt. The Bombay High Court appointed a committee to review the film, which was perceived as unnecessary, as the Board of Film Certification already had the authority to censor films. This case restricted freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(2).

In another case, the Supreme Court banned the sale of liquor within 500 meters of national or state highways as a response to a public interest litigation about road safety. However, there was no evidence presented to demonstrate a direct link between liquor sales near highways and the number of accidents. This decision led to revenue loss for state governments and unemployment, emphasizing the potential consequences of judicial overreach in administrative matters.

Conclusion

In conclusion, judicial activism, restraint, and overreach represent the multifaceted roles of the judiciary in a democracy. While judicial activism is necessary to protect rights, address failures in other branches, and promote justice, it must be tempered with judicial restraint to maintain the separation of powers and uphold democratic principles.

Judicial overreach, although occasionally warranted, should be approached with caution to avoid undermining the democratic process. Striking the right balance ensures that the judiciary remains a cornerstone of democracy, upholding the rule of law while respecting the roles of other branches of government.

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has officially released the first sample paper for CLAT 2025 on September 13, 2024. CLAT 2025 is all set to be held on December 1, 2024 and aspiring candidates can use these sample questions to familiarise themselves with the latest pattern of CLAT examination.

The Sample Paper has 11 passages and 20 questions and 11 passages. Aspirants can attempt the Sample Paper for CLAT 2025 as many times as they want. Two more sample papers are expected to be released before the exam date.

CLAT sample papers offer students a realistic glimpse into the structure and types of questions they will face during the actual exam. However, while these papers serve as a helpful guide for understanding question patterns and themes, they do not fully guarantee that the difficulty level in the real exam will be identical. There may be variations in complexity and the style of questions, making it essential to prepare beyond just the sample papers.

Steps to Download Sample Paper for CLAT 2025

• Login to your account on the official website.
• Scroll down and locate the ‘Access Sample Questions’ button.
• Click on ‘Attempt’ to start testing your knowledge and ‘re-attempt’ to take the test again.

About CLAT 2025

CLAT 2025 Important Dates

Introduction

Res judicata and estoppel are legal principles in the Indian legal system, which serve to prevent repetitive litigation and ensure fairness and consistency in judicial proceedings.

Res judicata, governed by Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, is a doctrine that prohibits a court from re-examining a case that has already been conclusively decided by the same court, involving the same parties, subject matter, and under the same title.

In simple terms, if a matter has been previously adjudicated and a final judgment has been delivered on it, it cannot be re-litigated. This post seeks to examine the various nuances and the multiple issues circling this principle. 

Principles of Res Judicata

The doctrine of Res Judicata serves several important objectives in the legal system. These objectives are based on three underlying maxims:

1. Nemo debet bis vexari pro una et eadem causa: This Latin proverb means “no man should be vexed twice for the same cause”. The basic goal of Res Judicata is to save the parties from having to go through endless litigation over the same problem. Once an issue has been determined definitively by a competent court, the same parties should not be permitted to re-litigate the same dispute.
2. Interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium: This Latin maxim means “it is in the best interests of the State to put an end to litigation”. The Res Judicata concept enhances judicial efficiency and the finality of rulings. It guarantees that disagreements are settled definitively, lowering the pressure on the legal system and eliminating unnecessary and time-consuming litigation.
3. Res judicata pro veritate occipitur: This Latin proverb translates as “a matter adjudged is accepted as correct”. Res Judicata creates a presumption of validity and finality for decisions made by competent courts. The court’s judgements are said to be founded on a thorough assessment of the facts and law, and they should not be readily reversed.

Conditions to impose Res Judicata

If specific criteria, as outlined in Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, are satisfied, the theory of Res Judicata works as a bar on a court’s jurisdiction to try a claim.

The following requirements must be met in order to establish Res Judicata as a legitimate defense in a future suit:

Same Matter in Issue: The matter directly and substantially in issue in the succeeding suit must be the same as the matter directly and substantially in issue in the previous suit, either actually or constructively.

The prior litigation must have been between the same parties or parties claiming under them. This implies that the parties in the second litigation must be the same as the parties in the preceding suit or claim filed under the same title.

Litigating Under the Same Title: The parties in the first complaint must have been litigating under the same title as they are in the second. In other words, in both circumstances, they should have the same legal interest in the subject matter.

Competent Court: The court that resolved the previous suit must be competent to hear the future suit or suit involving the same subject. This assures that the previous suit’s ruling was made by a court with competent jurisdiction.

Final Decision: The court in the prior litigation must have heard and eventually determined the topic immediately and significantly in question in the following suit. Res Judicata must be used after a final judgement on the merits of the case.

It is vital to highlight that the concerned party must raise the Res Judicata defense in the later complaint. If a party fails to raise the Res Judicata issue, or if the trial court fails to outline such an issue and the appeal court raises it on its own, such invocation of the concept may be deemed improper. Res Judicata can only be considered by the court if it is raised by the parties involved in the case.

Exceptions to the Principle of Res Judicata

Collateral Attack: Under this exception, a party may dispute the legality of a previous decision in a new court or procedure. Collateral challenges are usually focused on procedural or jurisdictional grounds, rather than the merits of the previous court’s ruling.

In such circumstances, the emphasis is on the court’s power or competency in issuing the original ruling. Collateral assaults may be more likely to succeed in legal systems having numerous jurisdictions, such as those run by federal governments, or when a local court is sought to enforce or accept a foreign court’s verdict.

Res Judicata may be thrown aside in circumstances involving breaches of due process to preserve fairness and justice. For example, if a person’s right to counsel was violated in a prior trial, the subject may be entitled a re-trial with legal representation.

Mistake of Fact: If a decision is based on a major factual error that was not found earlier, the court may re-litigate the case to correct the error.

Fraud or Misconduct: Res Judicata may be set aside to prevent injustice if there is proof of fraud or misconduct that impacted the outcome of the prior trial.

Changed Circumstances: If there have been significant changes in circumstances or new evidence that could not be produced during the prior trial, the court may consider re-opening the case.

Inequitable Application: If using Res Judicata will result in an inequitable outcome or excessive hardship, the court may grant an exception.

Is Res Judicata a form of Withdrawal of the Suit?

Order 23, Rule 1 addresses res judicata and suit withdrawal. If the plaintiff withdraws or abandons their claims without requesting permission from the court, they will be banned from initiating a new complaint based on the same cause of action.

The essential difference is that in res judicata, the subject is completely heard and definitively settled between the parties, but in a withdrawal, the plaintiff voluntarily decides to withdraw or relinquish their claims before a final judgement on the merits of the case is reached.

What happens if a court refuses to apply the principle of Res Judicata?

When a court disregards the concept of res judicata and produces inconsistent decisions on the same topic, the case may be heard by a third court. In such a case, the third court will apply the res judicata doctrine based on the preceding suit’s ruling.

It is now the obligation of the parties concerned in the current case to bring the prior case to the court’s notice. Based on the facts and circumstances of the case, the court will determine whether or not to accept the res judicata plea.

Landmark Cases on Res Judicata

The Indian courts have from time to time clarified the meaning of several terms associated with the principle of Res Judicata. Some of the them are detailed below:

The Allahabad High Court clarified in the case of Vasudevanand Saraswati v. Jagat Guru Shankaracharya that the word “same title” in the context of res judicata implies the same ability. The key question is whether the parties involved in the case are legally the same person or a distinct person. If the same individual appears in a new role, a previous lawsuit’s ruling does not serve as res judicata.

Similarly, even though the property involved is same, the second litigation will not be considered res judicata if the rights being asserted are different. As a result, the word “title” focuses on the interest or ability of the party initiating or defending the case rather than the cause of action.

The Allahabad High Court decided in the case of Muneesh Kumar Agnihotri v. Lalli Prasad Gupta that the theory of res judicata applies only where an issue was directly and substantially in question in the prior action between the same parties or persons claiming under the same title.

The court found that, while the problems remained the same in this instance, the parties’ titles altered. The claim to the business was brought via their father in the previous litigation, but the claim in the later suit was based on the firm being launched with joint family money, resulting in the appellants’ entitlement to the business and the property obtained from those joint family assets.

As the title of parties differed in the subsequent suit, the court did not accept the argument of res judicata, even though the issues were the same.

The Kerala High Court held in the case of Mavelikkara Ex-Servicemen’s Multipurpose Co-operative Society v. Parvathy Amma Rajamma that the idea of identity of subject matter under Res Judicata should not be restricted to a physical sense but should also include a judicial meaning. This indicates that the subject issue of the dispute is not just the same physical thing or property, but also the legal rights and claims linked with that subject matter.

The Delhi High Court ruled in Krishan Kumar v. Vimala Sehgal that if circumstances have changed, a landlord can file a second petition for own occupation even though their previous application for the same reason was denied by the Rent Controller. The landlord’s demands were different when they submitted the initial petition in 1961, since their son had not returned from England and their children were small, according to the court.

However, because of the landlord’s retirement, their children’s maturation, and other reasons, the court concluded that the prior ruling should not be considered Res Judicata. As a result of these changing circumstances, a fresh petition might be considered and filed.

Conclusion

The doctrine of Res Judicata seeks to avoid the issuing of numerous judgments on the same subject and protects the interests of all parties concerned by prohibiting the plaintiff from receiving damages from the defendant for the same injury twice. The legal system maintains speed, impartiality, and consistency in the settlement of disputes and litigation by employing res judicata.

Introduction

In legal theory and practice, few doctrines carry as much weight and controversy as India’s “rarest of rare” doctrine. This principle, emerging from the domain of criminal law, particularly in cases of capital punishment, has evolved significantly since its inception. It serves as a critical benchmark in determining whether a convict deserves the most severe penalty under Indian law – the death penalty.

Origin and Evolution of the Rarest of Rare Doctrine

The origin of the “rarest of rare” doctrine can be traced back to the landmark decision of the Indian Supreme Court in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab. This case was a watershed moment in Indian jurisprudence, where the court laid down guidelines for the application of the death penalty.

The court acknowledged the irreversibility of the death penalty and emphasized the need for its exceptional and restricted use. It introduced the concept that the death penalty should be imposed only in “the rarest of rare” cases, where society’s collective conscience is so shocked that leniency would be inappropriate.

Over the years, subsequent cases and judgments have further refined and interpreted this doctrine. The Supreme Court has deliberated extensively on what constitutes the “rarest of rare” circumstances, setting out factors such as the brutality of the crime, its motive, impact on society, and the criminal’s potential for rehabilitation. These criteria aim to ensure that the death penalty is reserved for cases where no other punishment is sufficient to address the enormity of the crime.

When can the Rarest of Rare Doctrine be Applied?

According to the principles set forth in Bachan Singh and subsequent cases, the “rarest of rare” doctrine is applied under the following circumstances:

1. The crime must be of an exceptionally brutal, depraved, or heinous nature. Factors such as extreme brutality, premeditation, and the manner in which the crime was committed are considered.
2.  The crime should have an impact that goes beyond the immediate victim and affects society at large. This could include crimes that cause widespread fear, terror, or outrage among the public.
3. The presence of aggravating factors such as the involvement of vulnerable victims (like children or elderly), betrayal of trust, or repeated offenses can weigh in favor of applying the death penalty.
4.  Conversely, the absence of significant mitigating factors that could justify a lesser sentence, such as the offender’s background, age, mental state, or potential for reform, may strengthen the case for imposing the death penalty.
5.  The judiciary must consider whether any punishment other than death would be adequate and proportionate given the gravity of the offense and its impact on society.

Cases on Death Penalty

The application of the “rarest of rare” doctrine in Indian law has been both contentious and consequential. Several high-profile cases have shaped its application:

Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab: This case exemplifies the Supreme Court’s meticulous examination of aggravating and mitigating circumstances. The court upheld the death penalty, emphasizing the gruesome nature of the crime and its impact on society. It underscored the need for a balanced approach in sentencing, considering both the severity of the offense and the potential for reform.

Ajmal Kasab v. State of Maharashtra: In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court affirmed the death penalty for Ajmal Kasab, one of the perpetrators of the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. The court emphasized the exceptional nature of the crime, which resulted in numerous casualties and shook the nation’s conscience. The case highlighted the doctrine’s application in cases of terrorism and mass violence.

Conclusion

Despite its significance, the “rarest of rare” doctrine has not been without criticism. Critics argue that the doctrine’s application can be subjective, leading to inconsistent sentencing across different cases. There are concerns about the possibility of judicial error and the disproportionate impact of the death penalty on marginalized groups.

However, the doctrine’s evolution reflects ongoing societal debates and changing perspectives on punishment and justice. Over time, there has been a global trend towards abolition or restriction of the death penalty, reflecting evolving international norms and human rights standards.

Rajasthan Legal Rights Consortium (NLRC-WICCI) is organising Webinar on The Intersection of Gender and Media- Exploring Stereotypes and Influence on August 31.

About WICCI

WICCI (Women’s Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry) is a premier National Business Chamber for women, envisioning global impact for women entrepreneurs, businesswomen, and professionals from all walks of life.

About RLRC

The Rajasthan Legal Rights Consortium is an initiative under the National Legal Rights Consortium- an aegis of Women’s Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (WICCI). As a prominent non-profit organization, it is dedicated to advancing and advocating for legal rights across India.

About the session

In today’s media-saturated world, the portrayal of gender plays a crucial role in shaping societal perceptions and norms. This webinar delves into the complex relationship between gender and media, exploring how media representations influence our understanding of gender roles and identities.

Learnings

Here’s what you can expect to learn:

• Common gender stereotypes in media: Uncover the prevalent stereotypes that persist in various media forms
• Objectification in entertainment: Examine the issues surrounding objectification in music videos and movies
• Media influence and impact: Understand how media portrayals shape societal attitudes and behaviors
• Gender-sensitive media practices: Explore strategies for promoting more inclusive and balanced representations in media

Speaker

Ms. Chaitali Wadhwa, an esteemed Assistant Professor at the School of Law, Manav Rachna University, will guide you through these topics using her extensive experience and expertise. Whether you’re a legal professional, a media practitioner, or simply interested in gender issues, this webinar offers valuable insights.

You’ll come away with a clearer understanding of how gender is represented in media, the impact of these representations, and strategies for promoting more equitable portrayals.

Event Details

• Date: Saturday, 31 August 2024
• Time: 4:00 PM – 5:30 PM
• Platform: Online Webinar (Details provided upon registration)

How to Register?

Interested candidates can register via the link given at the end of the post.

Contact

For any queries, please reach out to [email protected]/ [email protected].

Click here to register.

Legacy Partners is inviting applications for the role of interns for its office based out of Cochin and Calicut.

About Legacy Partners

Legacy Partners is a premier corporate and legal advisory firm with over a decade of experience. Its team of seasoned professionals brings together deep expertise and a commitment to excellence, serving clients across various industries and jurisdictions.

About the Opportunity

The firm is hiring legal interns for a 3-month position at our Cochin and Calicut offices.

Eligibility Criteria

Ideal for law students and recent graduates interested in Corporate & Intellectual Property Laws.

How to Apply?

To apply, send your resume and cover letter to [email protected]. Please mention your preferred office location in the subject line.

Application Deadline

August 29, 2024

Location

Cochin and Calicut

Click here for LinkedIn Notification.

This Law School Experience has been shared by Arya Pandey, 3rd year law student at Navrachana University.

Hello dear readers! I am Arya Pandey, a third-year law student pursuing Business and Law (BBA-LLB) from Navrachana University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

Navrachana University is a private university located in the Vasna area of Vadodara. Business and Law were two of my top favorite areas that I wanted to go ahead with, and so out of all the integrated law programs available, I chose this one.

Choosing BBA LLB might be beneficial for someone who’s also interested in the realm of business and would want to experience that field in the future.

Introduction

Law school is a beautiful journey, that leads a naïve eighteen-year-old to their dream career path when they reach the end of the five years program.

You might enter the law school clueless and without intact knowledge as to which field you want to expertise in, but these five years of college make you aware of your strengths weaknesses, and interests so that once you graduate you are confident about the field you want to excel in.

This article will help you gain insight into choosing the correct law school, the life at law schools, the hardships that you will face, and the solution you need to find out on your own.

I will reflect on my two-year journey at Navrachana University through this article to help you paint a picture of law school and its activities and it’s hardships in your head.

You can achieve anything you want, once you make your mindset.

Okay, a lot of us, or should I say most of us think, the crack code to achieve a great job with good pay or a great opportunity to work with the top reputed law firms and advocates, is by getting into the NLU’s or top reputed private law schools such as Symbiosis or Jindal Global.

No doubt, getting into these colleges brings an abundant amount of opportunity for students to get into the top tier law firms or work with the top advocates. But this is not the only way.

When I first got into my law school, I had no idea about these things, and slowly when I started watching YouTube videos of people from top law schools getting internship opportunities in some of my dream firms such as Tri Legal or Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, I started to regret my decision of choosing this law school.

I always been optimistic, no matter how hard the situation is. However, the thoughts of me failing to get the opportunity to work with these firms started making me depressed and less active in the activities taking place in my law school.

I started to feel I would fail and now there is no chance for me to achieve all of my dreams.

A few months later, I heard a senior of mine from the same law school got an internship opportunity to work with one of the reputed law firms in Delhi for two months last December.

This made me curious and I started researching and also looked at his CV and his accomplishments and found out that there was still a chance for me to get the opportunity. I might still be able to fulfill my dreams if I work harder in my law school.

So, the correct answer is, there is no right law school that would get you all these amazing opportunities, its your hard work that paves your way.

If you get into the top law school, you might have some perks but without hard work, you cannot attain those opportunities.

And if you are in a small law school, just like me, you still have the opportunity, you might get it the hard way, but you will get it.

You just need to strategize each step in your law school and there is no one stopping you from getting that offer letter.

Strategies

These are some of the strategies that I started implementing, coming from a non-NLU and not so reputed law school, to gain internships at top tier law firm:

1. Maintaining good grades: Since we come from a small law school, maintaining an academic grade is important. I have maintained a CGPA of 8. 30 in both my first year and second year and am striving to continue the same or higher for the next semesters.
2. Actively participating in various competition such as moot courts, client counselling, mediation, article writings etc., they add a lot value to your CV, and lightens your potential: When you participate in any of these competitions, make sure they are organized by NLU’s or some reputed law college, a winning certificate from competitions organized by such colleges would boost your CV. It would showcase you are no less than any student studying from those colleges, it would showcase your potential.
3. Actively participating in your law school, such as being part of different committees in your law school: This shows you are actively contributing to your law school and it also throws light on your leadership and team skills.
4. Getting more Publications.

This is another important strategy that you need to focus on. You have to focus on getting your blogs, articles, and research papers published in some reputed platforms. Once you find your interest, you should start writing and publishing in that particular area of law.

This criterion is crucial, and a good publication helps you secure a good internship. Interviewers play close attention to your publications. So, make sure you get those.

Internships

While your goal is the top firms, it is important that you gain experience in as many small firms as you can. You need to have at least a one-month internship at the district court.

The greater number of internships you will have on your CV’s, the stronger CV you will have and the chances of you getting your dream internship would also increase.

If you follow these strategies, you would easily secure yourself a good internship at the top law firms.

While a lot of people focus on Moot Courts and its importance in law school, it is also important to know, you don’t need to excel in moots only to ace your law school or get good internships.

Yes, participation in moot courts competition at least once is important to gain experience but not the only way to enhance your CVS.

If you want to go ahead in the litigation field in your future, moot courts are important for you.

But for those who dream of going ahead in arbitration, negotiation, etc., moot courts may not be important for you.

So you can shift your focus from moots to client counselling, mediation, policy drafting, paper presentations.

Conclusion

Its all upon you. The power to secure your future is vested in you. No one, can stop you from achieving your dreams.

So, choose your law schools wisely, and prioritize getting into the top law schools, but, if you fall short and get into small law school, remember, it’s not the end.

You can still get your dreams true. You just need to work hard and you will achieve your dreams.

Applications are invited for Internship Opportunity at Justice Project for the year 2024.

About The Organisation

Justice Project is a legal centre based in Kolkata, established in 2018. It was created to promote justice and encourage pro-bono work within the legal community. Over the past six years, the Justice Project has become a beacon of hope for those seeking legal aid, particularly for the underprivileged and marginalized sections of society.

The organisation prides itself on its commitment to fighting for the rights of individuals who cannot afford legal representation. The organisation continually expands its reach and impact, striving to make justice accessible to all. With a dedicated team of lawyers, volunteers, and supporters, the Justice Project remains steadfast in its mission to uphold the principles of justice and equality.

Nature of Internship

The major form of work will be drafting and researching.

Eligibility/experience/qualifications

• Our first choice of individuals are the those who carry a zeal to learn and contribute their best.
• Students pursuing a 3-year or 5-year LLB from a reputable institution
• Students enrolled in an LLM course from a reputable institution

Number of employees/interns required

15

Location

It is a remote internship

Salary/Stipend

Top performers will be awarded a stipend.

Duration of internship

1-month long internship starting from 15 August to 15 September 2024

How to Apply?

To apply, please send a cover letter in the body of your email, expressing your interest in the internship and outlining your relevant skills and experiences. Attach your CV in PDF format and email it to [email protected].

Click here for the official website.

CSL CLE Centre and Woking College UK is organising Faculty Development Programme on How to Teach Law- Transformative Pedagogies on 1-8 September 2024.

About the FDP

Cooperative School of Law Centre for Continuing Legal Education (CSL CLE Centre) and Woking College UK organise the Faculty Development Programme with the support of Indian Law Institute, Kerala Unit on ‘How to Teach Law- Transformative Pedagogies’ from 1 September 2024 – 8 September 2024 via Zoom.

Sessions

Date: 1 September 2024, Sunday
Time: 7:00 PM – 8:00 PM
Programme
Introductory : P.J. George, Manager, Cooperative School of Law
welcome: Rubin Thomas John, Faculty of law, Woking College, UK
Presidential address: Dr. Aneesha Shams, Principal, Cooperative School of law
Inaugural Address: Dr. Justice A. K. Jayasankaran Nambiar, Judge, High Court of Kerala
Vote of Thanks: Adv. Parvathi Menon, Treasurer, Indian law Institute, Kerala State Unit

Day 1: 2 September 2024, Monday (6 pm-9 pm IST)
Session 1: Transforming Legal Education – Integrating Practical Skills and Experiential Learning (Justice A. Muhamed Mustaque, Acting Chief Justice, High Court of Kerala)

Session 2: Active Learning Strategies in Law Schools (Dr. Aneesha Shams, Principal/ Chair, Cooperative school of Law/ CSL CLE Centre)

Session 3: Promoting Ethical Awareness and Professionalism (Rubin Thomas John, Faculty of law, Woking College, UK)
Learning Activity: Watch a video session by Mr. Terry Wilks, Director of Learning and Development, Woking College, and prepare questions for discussion.

Day 2: 3 September 2024, Tuesday (6pm-9pmIST)
Session 4: Case Study Method (Dr. Aneesha Shams, Principal/ Chair, Cooperative school of Law/ CSL CLE Centre)

Session 6: Case Law Analysis (Justice Syam Kumar V M, Judge, High Court of Kerala)

Session 5: Socratic Method and Case Studies (Dr. Justice A.K. Jayasankaran Nambiar, Judge, High Court of Kerala)

Homework: Prepare dialogues for a role-play of the Socratic Method using Marbury V. Madison case.

Day 3: 4 September 2024, Wednesday(6 pm – 9 pm IST)
Session 7: (6 pm-7 pm) Teaching Procedural Laws in Law Schools (Dr. Justice Kauser Edappagath, Judge, High Court of Kerala)

Session 8: Clinics and Externships at Law schools; Possibilities Explained (Adv. Parvathi Menon, High Court of Kerala/ Treasurer, Indian law Institute, Kerala State Unit)

Session 9: Legal Research and Drafting Techniques (Adv. Hariraj M R, Senior Advocate, High Court of Kerala)

Day 4: 5 September 2024, Thursday(6 pm-9pm IST)
Session 10: Digital Collaboration and Interactive Learning in teaching Law (Gokul Narayan, Chief Operations Officer, Asian School of Cyber Laws, Delhi)

Session 11: AI as a Teaching Assistant (Sandeep Chandrashekharan, Assistant professor, GD Goenka Law School, Gurugram)

Session 12: Legal Writing Tools (Mr. Tariq Akbar, CEO, Legal Ease Solutions LLC)

Day 5: 6 September 2024, Friday(6 pm – 9 pm IST)
Session 13: Mini Moot Court Techniques (Dr. Anna Puthuran, Principal, G-CLAR Law College, Kayamkulam)

Session 14: Instructional Design for Effective Law Teaching (Dr. Jayaram, Dean, GD Goenka School of Law, Gurugram)

Session 15: Problem-Based Teaching (Dr. Aneesh Pillai, Assistant Professor, School of Legal Studies, CUSAT)

Homework: Prepare a problem question with an answer key.

Day 6: 7 September 2024, Saturday (8.30 am-3.30pm)
Morning Sessions:
Session 16 (8.30 am -9.30 am): Teaching Mediation
 (Dr. Sukhsimranjit, Singh, Assistant Dean &Judge Wainstein Managing Director, Straus Institute of Dispute Resolution, Professor of Law and Practice, Caruso School of law, California)

Session 17 (10 am-11 am) Teaching Arbitration (Dr. Rosmy Joan, Associate Professor, NALSAR, Hyderabad)

Session 18 (11.15am-12.15pm) Session 22 (11 am- 12 pm): Building Inclusive Classrooms (Rubin Thomas John, Faculty of Law, Woking College, UK)

Afternoon sessions:

Session 19 (1.30pm-2.30pm): NGO Internship Guidance (Adv. Teena Cherian, Founder Director, Jenika Foundation, Kochi)

Session 20 (2.30pm-3.30pm): Corporate Internship Guidance (Adv. Raja Sujith, Senior Partner, Majmudar & Partners, Bangalore)

Day 7: 8 September 2024, Sunday (9.30 am- 4 pm)
Morning Sessions:

Session 21 (9.30-10.30) Enhancing Opportunities: Value Additions, Certifications, Upskilling and Professional Trainings in Law Schools (Sreelal, HR Manager, Aptiv, Kochi)

Session 22 (10.30am -11.30am): Project Guidance and Empirical Research (Dr. Rhea Roy Mammen, Post Doctoral Fellow, Van Vollenhoven Institute, Faculty of law, Leiden University; Director, Jusfocus Research institute, The Netherlands)

Session 23 (11.45 am – 12.45pm): Assessment and Feedback in Legal Education (Rubin Thomas John, Faculty of Law, Woking College, UK,)

Afternoon Sessions:
Faculty Panel: (2 pm -4 pm) Sharing Best Practices and Lessons
Valedictory and Certificate Distribution session will be in person at High Court of Kerala; Date and time of the event will be announced later.

How to Register?

Interested candidates can register via the link given at the end of the post.

Deadline

Register on or before 30th August.

Click here to register.

The Society For Constitutional Law Discussion in collaboration with CNLU Legal Aid Cell is organising the 2nd Edition of its flagship event i.e., the PIL Drafting Competition.

About The Society For Constitutional Law Discussion

The Society For Constitutional Law Discussion (TSCLD) was established by the students of Chanakya National Law University, Patna, with a vision to provide a platform for public discourse and deliberation vis-à-vis Constitutional Law. This Society vides its blog and Journal (JCS) has worked diligently to successfully get ranked 21st globally and 2nd in India in the field of Constitutional Law blogs by Feedspot.

The Constitution gives us the first and last hope for rights, liabilities, and justice. TSCLD provides a platform where you can write and express your opinion on different issues related to Constitutional Law fearlessly.

About CNLU, Patna

Chanakya National Law University (CNLU) was founded under the Bihar Act No. 24 of 2006 with the support of the Government of Bihar and is listed under Sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the U.G.C. Act, 1956. The university was created with the noble aim of benefiting society by offering high-quality legal education and promoting legal awareness.

It is accredited by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and registered with the Bar Council of India (BCI). CNLU has earned a national reputation as a distinguished institution for legal research and education.

The university is committed to enhancing student opportunities and research capabilities through conferences, capacity-building programs, guest lectures, and competitions in essays and research papers, etc.

About CNLU Legal Aid Cell

CNLU Legal Aid Cell with its motto Stand Speak Act was established in the year 2015 with the vision to ensure fair and meaningful justice for the marginalized and disadvantaged by bringing them legal awareness and aid.

The main objectives of the Legal Aid Cell are to promote legal awareness throughout the State of Bihar, to provide pro bono legal aid to those who are in need, and to inculcate social responsibility which will lead to the realization of goals embodied in the Constitution of India. CNLU Legal Aid Cell is further divided into 4 different centers i.e., the Consumer Rights Centre, Centre for Client Counselling, Centre for Legal Awareness Camps, and Centre for Research on Cases.

About the Event

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) represents legal actions initiated by public-spirited individuals to protect public interests. The primary goal of PIL is to ensure justice for everyone, with a particular focus on serving the disadvantaged and neglected sectors of society. It encompasses a broad range of issues including environmental protection, child welfare, economic exploitation, cultural preservation, and ecological balance. The purposes of this competition aim to serve the following:

• Highlighting Societal Issues: This competition encourages participants to explore and address neglected areas/ sectors in society, thereby contributing to the welfare of the downtrodden.
• Skill Development: Participants will enhance their written and oral advocacy skills, essential for their growth and personality development.

Event Structure

The competition comprises two rounds:

• Memorial Submission Round and,
• Oral Pleading Round

Important Dates

• Release of Notification: 05th August 2024
• Last Date of Seeking Clarification (if any): 15th August 2024
• Release of Clarification: 17th August 2024
• Last Date of Registration & Fee Payment: 05th September 2024
• Last Date of Memorial Submission: 12th September 2024
• Result Declaration of Memorial Submission Round: 25th September 2024
• Oral Round(s): 29th September 2024
• Final Result: 15th October 2024

Themes for 2nd National PIL Drafting Competition, 2024

• Environmental Protection and Climate Change: Drafting PILs focused on combating environmental degradation, implementing stricter regulations for industries, and advocating for sustainable development policies.
• Right to Healthcare: Exploring the legal avenues to improve healthcare access and infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, and addressing the challenges faced during pandemics.
• Gender Equality and LGBTQ+ Rights: Advocating for stronger protections and equal rights for women and LGBTQ+ communities, including issues of workplace discrimination, same-sex marriage, and transgender rights.
• Educational Reforms: Addressing the need for equitable access to quality education, the right to education for marginalised communities, and the implementation of modern educational policies.
• Freedom of Speech and Expression: Exploring the boundaries and limitations of free speech in India, including issues related to media freedom, censorship, and the right to dissent.
• Judicial Reforms: Proposing changes to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of the Indian judicial system. 
• Water Rights and Conservation: Advocating for the sustainable management of water resources, equitable access to clean water, and measures to prevent water pollution.

Eligibility & Team Composition

• Eligibility: Open to all law students from recognised law schools, faculties, and universities offering law-related degrees.
• Team Composition: Teams can consist of one or two members. Cross-university teams are allowed.

Registration & Fee Details

• Fee: INR 500 for a single participant, INR 800 for a team of two.
• Payment: Via G-Pay, PayTm (7480830235), or bank transfer to:
  • Name: Ayush Kumar
  • Account Number: PUNB1655200100000033
  • Bank: Punjab National Bank
  • IFSC: PUNB0165520

Note: Registration fees are non-refundable.

Submission Guidelines

• Language: All drafts must be in English (UK/India).
• Format:
  • Font: Times New Roman, size 12, 1.5 line spacing.
  • Citation: Harvard Bluebook (20th edition).
• Components:
  • Cover Page
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Abbreviations
  • Index of Authorities
  • Statement of Jurisdiction
  • Statement of Facts
  • Issues Raised
  • Summary of Arguments
  • Arguments Advanced
  • Prayer
  • Annexure and Exhibits
• Document Format: MS Word & PDF (Both the files will have to be uploaded).

A link to the Submission Form will be shared with the candidates upon registration.

Perks & Prizes

• Cash Prizes:
  • Best Performing Team/Individual [Overall]: INR 2,000/-
  • 2nd Best Performing Team/Individual [Overall]: INR 1,500/-
  • Best Memorial: INR 1,000/-
• Internship Opportunity for Three Top Performing Individuals at Four Pillars Chambers, New Delhi
• 20% scholarship to all participants of the event for all Lawctopus Law School courses, including the subscription plan.
• Certificate of Appreciation to all teams who will qualify for oral rounds.
• Certificate of Merit to the Best Memorial Submission and the Best Speaker.
• E-Certificate of Participation to all the participants.

Contact

For queries related to submission or registration, contact any of the members of the organising team at:

• Email: [email protected]
• Event Convenor: Mr. Ayush Agrawal [+91 70679 98810]
• Event Co-Convenor: Ms. Avani Vijay [+91 79909 71092]

Click here to register.

Click here for the official website.

University Institute of Laws, Panjab University Regional Centre, Ludhiana is seeking submissions from the students of law in the form of a call for paper for its special edition of bi-annual law journal (PURCL-Student Law Journal- special edition) Volume 1 Issue 3 (July-Dec, 2024), on Environment Law

About the University Institute of Law

University Institute of Law, Panjab University Regional Centre (PURC), Ludhiana has embarked upon a well-structured course of action to achieve levels of excellence in the field of legal studies and research since its establishment at the campus of P.U.

Extension Library, Ludhiana w.e.f. the academic Session 2003-04. Presently the institution imparts legal education under the able leadership of Prof. (Dr.) Aman Amrit Cheema, Director, UIL, PURC, through three courses, LL.M 1 year, LL.B 3 year and B.A. LL.B (Hons.) 5 year integrated course. The level of academic rigour has ensured that most of our alumni excel in their respective professions.

Beyond academics, PURC, Ludhiana promotes leadership skills and wholesome life experience of our students by encouraging them to take part in various co-curricular and extra-curricular activities like literary, debating, cultural, entrepreneurial and recreational activities. Keeping the above objective in mind, UIL, PURC has introduced biannual law journal (PURCL-Student Law Journal) primarily for law students across the globe to encourage exchange of ideas, concepts and their applicability and promote problem solving capabilities in the students.  

About the Journal

PURCL Student Law Journal is a Peer-reviewed/ Refereed Journal and a remarkable initiative of the University Institute of Laws, PURC, Ludhiana. Student Law Journal is a biannual publication (July and January) which provides an excellent way for law students to critically engage in current legal issues and to collaborate closely with other students to study the nuances of contemporary legal Pedagogy. The experience enhances writing, editing and citation-checking skills.

Special Edition: Focus of Special Issues

This special issue focuses on an array of Centre and State laws, rules governing various areas of the environment, such as air, water, hazardous waste, pesticides, land development, clean-up of contaminated sites (and lakes). The major scope of this special issue would be to explore the new ideas and development in the following areas:

1. Environment Law and Policy
2. Environment Disaster and Law
3. International Environment Law and Policy
4. National/Indian Environment Protection Mechanism
5. Climate Change and Environment Degradation
6. Environment Constitutionalism
7. Eco-feminism
8. Environment and Indian Philosophy

NOTE: The sub- themes mentioned above are merely suggestive and not exhaustive.

All contributions to the journal are rigorously referred and selected on the basis of the originality, quality and significance of the work. The Journal gives preference to research papers of students on current issues on the area, thus ensuring its scientific, legal and social priority and importance.

The contributors may note that in case of duplication of area of research work, the editorial board may select the paper which it deems fit in terms of originality, relevance and more investigative.

Who may Submit

Submissions are invited from students and research scholars of all the law institutions.

Theme

Students are invited to contribute in the form of Tributes, Articles, Case Comments, Critical Evaluation of any suggested themes mentioned above. The main focus of the Articles/Papers shall be on the Environment Law.

The Journal is extremely useful to academicians, practitioners, researchers, scholars and students who are interested in the latest theoretical and practical advances and innovations in the field of Law and Environment and want to adapt to new legal trends.

Submission Guidelines

1. Authors are requested to send their original, unpublished submission in .doc format to [email protected]
2. The submission must be accompanied by a separate covering letter bearing the following information:
3. Full Name of the Author(s)
4. Position/Year of Study (if applicable on all author(s))
5. Institutional Affiliations (if any)
6. Contact Details of the Author / Co-Author
7. Title of the Papers
8. Class + Session + Semester
9. Declaration of originality
10. Author must submit a plagiarism report (below 10% similarity index) along with the submission otherwise the submission will be outrightly rejected.
11. The authors must not mention any relevant identification information on the body of the research paper such as their name, contact details, institutional affiliation (if any).
12. Submissions can be in the form of long articles, short notes, book reviews. The acceptable word limit should not exceed: –
13. Long Articles: 4000-5000 words
14. Short Notes: 3000-4000 words
15. Case Comments/ Legislative Comments: 1500-3000
16. Kindly note that the word limits mentioned above are exclusive of foot notes. 
17. All the word limits will be strictly enforced.
18. All the submissions must consist of an Abstract of not more than 250 words. The abstract will not be included in the word limit.
19. The submission must be sent along with to 6 keywords along with the abstract in the manuscript.
20. A submission can be co-authored by a maximum of two people.
21. In case, authors send more than one submission for consideration, only the first submission   shall be reviewed for publication.

Formatting and Citation Guidelines

1. An appropriate Title must be mentioned in the cover page of the submission. The Title should be font type- Times New Roman and font size-16.
2. The submission should not contain any biographical information of the author throughout the manuscript. 
3. The body of the text must be submitted in font type- Times New Roman, font size- 12.  
4. The footnotes must be font type- Time New Roman, font size 10.
5. The Line Spacing of the main text and footnotes must be 1.5 and 1 respectively. 
6. Use of Headings and Subheadings is encouraged throughout the text-
7. Title of Paper-Capital, Bold, Font Size-16, Times New Roman
8. Headings: Centre Aligned, Bold, and Font Size- 14, Font Type- Times New Roman, with Roman Numbering.
9. Subheadings: Justified Alignment, Bold, Font Size – 12 and Font Type- Times New Roman. 
10. Foot notes and citations of research work are to be given as per the format of    Indian Law Institute available at www.ili.ac.in, in single space.
11. All submissions are subject to peer review and modification as per the journal style sheet.
12. The final decision of the Editorial Board, regarding publication of the article shall be final.

Last Date for Submission

All papers must be submitted before 15^th October, 2024 to [email protected].

Contact Details

For submission of papers and any queries please drop your mail at: [email protected].

Disclaimer: WEF April, 2021, Lawctopus will not publish any ‘Call for Papers/Blogs’ by journals that charge money at the time of submission. If you find any journal doing so, please intimate us at tanuj.kalia[at]lawctopus.com

The Himalayan Dak is calling for articles to be submitted to their newsletter on a rolling basis.

About The Himalayan Dak

The Himalayan Dak is the first-ever newsletter to monitor India-China affairs on a weekly basis. The newsletter seeks to focus on politics, economy, society, and culture among other things. The newsletter is published on a weekly basis and is currently subscribed to by scholars, academicians, and professionals.

About the Call For Submission

The Himalayan Dak is broadening its horizons and inviting fresh perspectives from our diverse readership. They are now accepting short opinion pieces of no more than 600 words on any topic concerning India, China, or their neighbouring countries. While geopolitical issues are welcome, they strongly encourage submissions that explore other facets of contemporary affairs in these regions.

They believe that by broadening their scope, they can foster a more comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic realities of this region. Whether you’re a seasoned expert, a keen observer, or someone with a unique story to tell, they welcome your voice. This is your opportunity to shape the conversation and contribute to a more nuanced dialogue about the countries that form the heart of Asia.

Themes

They’re particularly interested in pieces that shed light on cultural trends, social movements, technological advancements, environmental challenges, economic developments, or unique local initiatives. Your submission could focus on urban transformation in tier-two cities, the impact of digital platforms on rural economies, emerging art scenes, innovations in sustainable agriculture, or evolving education systems.

The key requirement is that your piece must contribute something new to the discourse. We’re looking for original insights, fresh analyses, or unique perspectives that go beyond summarizing past events or rehashing well-known narratives. Your submission should aim to challenge conventional wisdom, offer innovative solutions, or highlight under-reported issues.

Who is it for?

Students, professionals and academics are particularly invited to submit their articles.

Submission Guidelines

• Submission must be in MS Word format and emailed to [email protected].
• Sources must be hyperlinked in the submission and must be reputable sources. Direct quotes must be in quotations and italicised.
• The submission must include the author’s bio and one high-quality image that is representative of the content.
• The article must cite reliable sources to substantiate any claims, and avoid making unqualified or wide-sweeping statements.

Click here for the Official Website

Carbon & Climate Law Review is calling for papers for their special issue, “Climate Law and Litigation: Mitigation, Adaptation, Human Rights and Tools for Climate Advocacy”.

About CCLR

As climate policies evolve around the globe, attention is shifting from their conceptual design to the challenges of implementation. Where theoretical concerns once dominated, legal professionals are now called upon to ensure the smooth operation of the regulatory framework. Law provides the requisite framework to structure deals in climate finance and the carbon market, anchor adaptation requirements in land use and disaster planning rules, afford protection to the human rights of climate refugees or balance the risks and opportunities of emerging technologies such as geoengineering and carbon capture and sequestration.

Responding to the demand for a discussion forum on these issues, the Carbon & Climate Law Review strikes a balance between the interests of practitioners and a more doctrinal focus, alternating legal policy recommendations with timely articles on legal aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptation. A section on current developments updates readers on recent developments, political decisions, new literature and relevant events. Most importantly, however, the Carbon & Climate Law Review brings together representatives from the legal discipline and other stakeholders in one specialised journal, allowing them to engage in a dynamic debate on the law of climate change

About the Call for Papers

This special issue of the Carbon & Climate Law Review (CCLR) aims to bring together academics, experts, and practitioners to examine climate law and litigation while deliberating key areas, such as mitigation, adaptation, human rights, and tools for climate advocacy. The guest editors invite original paper proposals from academics and practitioners on innovative and thought-provoking insights and perspectives on climate law and litigation updates within the context of interrelated fields and disciplines. Both scholarly articles and country or policy reports are welcome.

Themes

Topics may include, but are not limited to:

• The Role of International Climate Agreements in Shaping National Climate Policies
• Comparative Analysis of Climate Litigation Strategies in Developed vs. Developing Countries
• Legal Frameworks for Climate Mitigation: Successes and Challenges
• The Impact of Climate Legislation on Corporate Accountability and Governance
• Human Rights Implications of Climate Change: Legal Perspectives and Case Studies
• The Efficacy of Carbon Pricing Mechanisms in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Legal and Ethical Considerations in Climate-Induced Migration and Displacement
• Strategies for Integrating Climate Adaptation into Urban Planning and Development
• The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Advancing Climate Justice and Advocacy
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Legal Tools in Enforcing Climate Goals and Compliance

Submission Guidelines

All contributions must comply with the minimum formatting requirements laid out hereunder. Contributions that do not respect these formatting requirements will be returned to the author.

• Articles should be between 4,000 – 8,000 words (including footnotes) in length Each article is preceded by a short abstract (without heading) of five to six sentences.
• Reports should be between 1,000 – 3,000 words (including footnotes) in length. Reports should either be country-specific or policy-specific and should include the latest updates and insights.

Please send an abstract of no more than 500 words by 15 September 2024 to [email protected] specifying author(s), affiliation, email, draft title, and a brief summary of the intended paper. Please indicate clearly whether your abstract is for a scholarly article or a report. You will be informed by 30 September 2024 if your abstract has been approved.

Journal and Guest Editors reserve the right to make final editorial decisions including whether to exclude an article from publication.

Additionally, authors will have the opportunity to possibly present their research on an episode of Climate Discourse, the official podcast of the CCLR.

How to Submit?

Please send your submission by the indicated deadlines to [email protected].

Important Dates

• Abstract Deadline: 15 September 2024.
• Article Deadline: 30 September 2024.

Click here for LinkedIn Notification

The three non-profit associations of lawyers i.e. Upaay, ULA and IBG are organising Legal Convention 2024 on “Future Law: Innovate, Integrate, Impact” on 28th- 29th September at Chandigarh.

About the Organisers

ULA is committed to providing pivotal opportunities for growth for lawyers of all ages and any jurisdictions. Upaay is a dedicated community of legal professionals united by a common passion for promoting justice through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR).

IBG is a young society which works to harness the efforts of the legal fraternity towards the common goal of the development of the rule of law by academically strengthening the legal fraternity through joint initiatives, projects, programs and generating platforms for intellectual discourse.

About the Event

This convention will feature a comprehensive program including keynote speeches, workshops, and a dynamic exhibition. We are also pleased to announce a Call for Papers, providing a platform for presenting cutting-edge research and insights in the legal field.

1. 5 Working Sessions: They will provide in-depth discussions on critical legal topics. Led by experts, these interactive sessions offer practical insights and solutions, fostering collaboration and professional development.
2. Walkathon Awareness Run: Run for Legal Aid & Legal Awareness. Participants will run through scenic routes, raising voices and spreading crucial legal knowledge.
3. Inaugural & Valedictory Sessions: Keynote and themed addresses.  The Legal Convention 2024 kicks off with an inspiring inaugural session featuring esteemed keynote speakers speaking on the overarching theme. The valedictory session marks the conclusion of the two-day convention.
4. Fraternity Sports Matches: T20 Cricket & Football matches. Fraternity sports events aim at offering a unique opportunity for legal professionals to engage in friendly competition and camaraderie.

Location

The Lalit, Chandigarh (Offline)

Eligibility

• Students: Aspiring legal minds ready to explore and engage.
• Lawyers: Practicing professionals eager to expand their horizons.
• Academics: Scholars and educators shaping the future of law.
• Government Officials: Leaders and policymakers driving change.
• Corporate Professionals: Innovators and strategists influencing the business of law.

Whether you’re just starting out, advancing in your career, or leading in your field, this event welcomes you!

Choose your role and actively participate in the event as a Speaker, Attendee, or Paper Presenter.

Registration Procedure

To secure your spot at the event, fill out the form mentioned at the end of this post.

Call for Papers (Submission Procedure):

We invite researchers, academics, and professionals to submit papers for presentation at the convention. This is an excellent opportunity to share your latest findings, case studies, and innovations with a diverse audience of experts and peers.

Theme

All Papers must align with the event theme, “Future Law: Innovate, Integrate, Impact.”

Topics

We are seeking papers on the following topics

1. Legal technology and AI in law
2. The integration of law and digital economies
3. Ethical considerations in the future of law
4. Innovation in dispute resolution
5. Global legal challenges and opportunities
6. Regulatory frameworks for emerging technologies
7. Data & Cyber Laws
8. Space & Aviation Laws.

Important Details

• Submission Deadline: Abstracts by 25th August 2024; full papers by 5th September 2024.
• Word Limit: Abstract: 300-500 words | Full Paper: 5000-7000 Words in APA Format 
• Submission Format: Times New Roman | 12 px | 1.5 Line Spacing | Justified
• Review Process:  6-10 September 2024
• Evaluation Criteria: Relevance to the theme, originality, clarity, depth of research, and potential impact.
• Notification: Authors will be notified of acceptance by 27th August (for abstracts) and 11th September (for full papers).
• Presentation Format: Oral Presentation | Panel Discussion | Poster Session
• Submission Platform: Please upload all papers and fill in the given details at the link mentioned at the end of this post.

Key Dates

• Abstract Submission Deadline: 25.08.2024
• Abstract Acceptance Notification: 27.08.2024
• Full Paper Submission Deadline: 05.09.2024
• Final Paper Acceptance Notification: 11.09.2024
• Presentation Submission Deadline: 18.09.2024
• Rehearsal Sessions: 27.09.2024
• Event Dates: 28-29 September 2024

Contact Information

For any queries, email us at: [email protected].

Click here to register.

Click here to submit the paper.

Click here to visit the website.

This creative talent has been shared by Danish Chandra, Campus Leader at Lawctopus.

Can you introduce yourself and tell us a bit about your background?

I am Danish Chandra, currently in my fourth year pursuing a BBA LLB degree from Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies. I opted for legal studies in my 11th and 12th classes.

My areas of interest include cyber laws, intellectual property rights (IPR) laws, and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). As for my hobbies, I enjoy swimming and dancing.

What talent are you showcasing, and how did you discover it?

I am showcasing my talent in freestyle dance. I discovered this talent during my childhood when I realized I had a natural aptitude for dancing. It became a hobby, and I performed in various school events.

This passion continued into my college years, where I joined the Cultural Committee of my course. In my first year, I had the opportunity to dance in front of the dean.

Later, I participated in the National Cadet Corps (NCC) and performed during a 10-day camp. My style is primarily freestyle. I realized my talent when I noticed that whenever music plays, my hands and legs naturally start moving to the rhythm, compelling me to dance. This instinctive response to music is how I discovered and nurtured my dancing ability.

When did you first realize you had this talent?

I first realized I had a talent for dancing when I was a child. During my early years, I noticed that I had a natural inclination to move to music.

Whenever a song would play, I found myself instinctively responding to the rhythm, my body moving in sync with the beat. This innate response to music made me aware that I might have a special aptitude for dance.

As I grew older, this realization became stronger. I began to receive positive feedback from family members and teachers when I danced at home or in school events.

Their encouragement further confirmed my belief in my dancing abilities. It was during these formative years that I became conscious of my talent and started to nurture it, gradually transforming it from a natural inclination into a developed skill and passionate hobby.

What inspires you to pursue this talent?

My pursuit of dancing as a talent is inspired by its profound impact on my mental well-being and academic performance. Dancing serves as a powerful tool for me to maintain mental calmness and clarity. When I dance, I experience a sense of tranquility that helps alleviate stress and clear my mind.

Moreover, I’ve noticed a direct correlation between my dancing and my ability to focus on my studies. The physical activity and creative expression involved in dancing seem to rejuvenate my mind, making it easier for me to concentrate on academic tasks.

This improved focus has been beneficial in managing the demands of my BBA LLB course.

Additionally, the discipline and dedication required to improve my dance skills have translated into better study habits. The rhythm and coordination in dance have helped enhance my overall cognitive abilities, contributing to improved memory and information processing.

How do you practice and improve your skills?

I practice and improve my dancing skills through a combination of regular practice sessions and online resources. I dedicate time each week to rehearse my existing moves and work on my overall technique.

To expand my repertoire and stay updated with current trends, I frequently watch dance tutorials and performances on YouTube.

These videos serve as a valuable source of inspiration and learning, introducing me to new dance moves, styles, and choreographies. I often try to replicate these moves in front of a mirror, gradually incorporating them into my own freestyle routines.

This self-directed approach allows me to continuously challenge myself, refine my skills, and evolve as a dancer, all while fitting practice into my busy academic schedule.

Can you describe a typical practice session or creative process?

I start by warming up my body with some light stretches and basic movements to prevent injury and increase flexibility. This takes about 10-15 minutes. Then, I put on a playlist of varied music genres to keep my practice dynamic and challenging.

For the next 30-40 minutes, I focus on improvising and freestyling to different beats. I let the music guide my movements, experimenting with new combinations of steps and gestures. If I’ve recently learned new moves from YouTube videos, I’ll incorporate them into my freestyle, repeating them until they feel more natural.

After this, I spend about 20 minutes working on specific techniques or moves that I want to improve. This might involve breaking down complex movements into smaller parts and practicing them slowly before speeding up.

I often record parts of my practice using my phone. Watching these recordings helps me identify areas for improvement and track my progress over time. I end the session with a cool-down routine of gentle stretches.

Throughout the process, I try to stay mindful of my body’s response to the music, focusing on expressing emotions through movement and maintaining a connection between the rhythm and my dance. This creative process not only improves my dance skills but also serves as a form of self-expression and stress relief.

What challenges have you faced in honing your talent?

Time management has been a significant hurdle. Balancing my rigorous BBA LLB coursework with regular dance practice requires careful scheduling and discipline. Often, I find myself having to choose between extra study time and dance practice, especially during exam periods or when important assignments are due.

Another challenge has been the lack of formal training. As a self-taught dancer relying primarily on YouTube videos and self-practice, I sometimes struggle with perfecting technique and form. Without a professional instructor to provide immediate feedback, it can be difficult to know if I’m executing moves correctly or developing bad habits.

Physical limitations have also posed challenges. Freestyle dance requires a high level of stamina, flexibility, and strength. Improving these aspects of my physical fitness alongside my dance skills has been demanding and sometimes led to fatigue or minor injuries.

Additionally, overcoming self-doubt and performance anxiety has been an ongoing battle. Performing in front of others, especially in college events or NCC camps, can be nerve-wracking. Building confidence in my abilities and learning to channel nervous energy into my performances has been a continuous process.

How have you overcome these challenges?

For time management, I’ve created a structured schedule that allocates specific time slots for dance practice alongside my academic commitments. I often use short breaks between classes or study sessions for quick practice, making the most of my available time.

Additionally, I’ve learned to integrate dance into my daily routine, such as practicing moves while doing chores or walking to class.

Can you share a memorable experience or performance related to your talent?

During my first year at Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, I had the opportunity to perform at a college event in front of the dean and a large audience of students and faculty.

This was a significant moment for me as it was my first major performance in a new environment. I choreographed a freestyle dance routine that incorporated various elements I had been practicing.

As I took the stage, I felt a mixture of excitement and nervousness. However, once the music started, I found myself fully immersed in the performance.

The energy of the crowd was electric, and I could feel their enthusiasm as I executed my moves. What made this experience particularly special was the positive response I received, especially from the dean, who personally commended my performance afterward.

This experience boosted my confidence significantly and reinforced my passion for dance. It also helped me connect with other students who shared similar interests, leading to more opportunities to participate in cultural events.

This performance stands out in my memory as a defining moment that validated my talent and encouraged me to continue pursuing dance alongside my academic studies.

What did you learn from that experience?

Firstly, I discovered the importance of self-confidence. Stepping onto the stage in front of a large audience, including the dean, initially felt daunting.

However, once I began dancing, I realized that belief in my abilities was crucial to delivering a strong performance. This experience taught me that confidence is a key component of showcasing any talent effectively.

Secondly, I learned the value of preparation and practice. The positive reception I received was a direct result of the hours I had spent rehearsing and perfecting my routine. This reinforced the idea that consistent effort and dedication are essential for improvement and success.

I also gained insight into the power of passion. When I was fully immersed in my dance, my nervousness faded away. This taught me that when you’re genuinely passionate about something, it can help overcome fear and anxiety.

Additionally, this experience highlighted the importance of stepping out of one’s comfort zone. By taking on this challenge, I not only grew as a dancer but also as an individual, becoming more comfortable with public performance.

Lastly, I learned about the supportive nature of a college community. The encouragement I received from peers and faculty, especially the dean, showed me that pursuing and sharing your talents can lead to positive recognition and new connections.

Who has been your biggest supporter or mentor in this journey?

My biggest supporter and mentor in my dance journey has been YouTube and its vast collection of dance lessons. While unconventional, this online platform has played a crucial role in developing my skills and passion for dance.

YouTube has provided me with access to a wide variety of dance styles, techniques, and choreographies from instructors and performers around the world. This virtual mentorship has allowed me to learn at my own pace and explore different dance forms that I might not have been exposed to otherwise.

The platform’s accessibility has been invaluable, especially given my busy academic schedule. I can access lessons anytime, repeat tutorials as needed, and practice in the comfort of my own space. This flexibility has enabled me to consistently work on my skills despite the demands of my BBA LLB course.

Moreover, YouTube has introduced me to a global dance community. Through comments sections and related videos, I’ve gained insights into dance culture, trends, and tips from fellow learners and professionals alike.

While I haven’t had a physical mentor, the diverse range of content creators on YouTube has collectively filled that role. Their tutorials, performances, and advice have guided my progress, inspired my creativity, and kept me motivated throughout my dance journey.

Click here to watch the dance performance.

Applications are invited for Internship Opportunity at CRISIL Limited, Mumbai (Corporate Compliance) for the year 2024.

About CRISIL Limited

CRISIL is a leading, agile, and innovative global analytics company driven by its mission of making markets function better.

It is India’s foremost provider of ratings, data, research, analytics, and solutions with a strong track record of growth, culture of innovation, and global footprint.

It has delivered independent opinions, actionable insights, and efficient solutions to over 100,000 customers through businesses that operate from India, the US, the UK, Argentina, Poland, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Switzerland, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

It is majority owned by S&P Global Inc, a leading provider of transparent and independent ratings, benchmarks, analytics and data to the capital and commodity markets worldwide.

Eligibility

• Qualification – Completed CS Professional (With LLB or Securities law will be value added)
• Basic Knowledge of Regulatory compliance role and MS office

Job Description

• Support the Regulatory compliance team for BAU
• Preparation of MIS reports and presentations  
• Follow up with departments
• Assist in managing Compliance Monitoring Tool

Open Positions

1

Mandatory Skills

Regulatory Compliance, ms office, compliance monitoring

Location

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Experience

0 to 1 Years

Click here to apply.

Registrations are invited for the 1st National Civil Trial Advocacy Competition by Christ University, Bengaluru. Register by August 31!

About the Organizer

CHRIST (Deemed to be University) was born out of the educational vision of St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara, an educationist and social reformer of the nineteenth century in South India. He founded the first Catholic indigenous congregation, Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), in 1831, which administers CHRIST (Deemed to be University).

The School of Law at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), located in Bangalore, was established and is administered by the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI). Over time, it has become one of the city’s most highly regarded educational institutions. The School of Law offers a comprehensive range of programs in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Bar Council of India and the University Grants Commission. These programs encompass undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels of study.

The Litigation Committee at the School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, is dedicated to promoting litigation as a fundamental aspect of the legal profession and as a viable career path for aspiring law students. Our primary objective is to incentivize and support students who wish to pursue litigation by providing them with opportunities to develop their skills and deepen their understanding of the litigation process.

About the Event

The Litigation Committee is holding the 1st edition of this event, National Civil Trial Advocacy Competition 2024-25 (NCTAC) from the 24th to 26th September 2024, which will be conducted offline.

The 1st National Civil Trial Advocacy Competition aims to encourage excellence in civil litigation. It provides an opportunity for participants to enhance their skills in case analysis, witness examination, and persuasive argumentation by simulating real-world civil cases.

This competition is open to students pursuing a three-year or five-year Law Degree Course in Universities/Colleges/Law Departments in India, as recognised by the Bar Council of India.

This unique event, the first of its kind in India, promises an unparalleled experience for participants. Engaging in simulated civil trials, students will have the chance to refine their advocacy skills, legal research, and courtroom etiquette in a realistic setting. Esteemed legal professionals will be participating in the event, offering valuable insights and feedback to enhance the educational experience for all participants.

Eligibility

The Competition is open for all students who are pursuing a three-year or five-year Law Degree Course in Universities/Colleges/Law Departments in India, as recognized by the Bar Council of India. The Participants should send a picture of their University ID Card for verification.

Location

The 1st National Civil Trial Advocacy Competition 2024-25 shall be held from 24th to 26th September, 2024 in CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus. It will be held offline.

Prizes

Certificate of Participation will be awarded to all the participants. Additionally, the top two teams and the Best Advocate and Researcher will get the following prizes –

Registration Process

Participation in the 1st National Civil Trial Advocacy Competition 2024 is restricted to 20 teams only. Institutions/Teams interested in participating in the Competition will have to provisionally register by filing the form given below and only after confirmation of the provisional slot by the organizers, they should complete the formalities of the final registration. The slots shall be reserved based on a ‘first come’ basis for the first 20 teams.

The teams should register through their respective official college Email ID or any other recognized student committee Email ID. Once the teams have provisionally registered, then the teams will be sent a confirmation mail providing them with the link for the Final Registration.

Kindly note that only one team per College/Institution/University shall be permitted to take part in the Competition.

Kindly check the Timeline of Events given in the brochure for registration dates.

Link for Provisional Registration

Please find the link for provisional registration at the end of this post.

Fee Details

• The registration fee for the Competition is Rupees Two Thousand Five Hundred Only (INR 2500/- + GST).
• Registration fee is only payable in favour of CHRIST (Deemed to be University) University, Bangalore.
• Registration Fee is payable at the time of final registration (Non-refundable).
• Accommodation arrangements are not provided by the Litigation Committee. Participants are expected to make their own lodging arrangements.

Important Dates

Contact Information

• Email: [email protected]
• Ms. Athira Mathew: (+971 154 750 3170); [email protected]
• Luv Kumar: (+91 78807 14999); [email protected] 

Click here to register provisionally.

Click here for the official notifications.

This Creative Talent has been shared by Chhayanshi Goyal, Campus Leader at Lawctopus.

Can you introduce yourself and tell us a bit about your background?

I am Shruti Kumari, hailing from a small town with a rich cultural heritage. My maternal side, influenced significantly by my mother’s upbringing in Varanasi, has instilled in me a deep appreciation for music, art, dance, and literature.

From a young age, I was immersed in dance, an art form my mother began teaching me early on. My father works in income tax, managing a demanding schedule.

Although our time together is limited due to his commitments, I have learned a great deal from him, especially about law, a field we both have a shared interest in. This blend of artistic and analytical influences has greatly shaped my perspective and skills.

What talent are you showcasing, and how did you discover it?

I am showcasing my dancing skills, a talent that I inherited from my mother due to her rich background in dance. My interest in dance was nurtured from an early age as my mother began teaching me, allowing me to develop and refine this skill.

This connection to my heritage and her influence have profoundly shaped my passion for and dedication to dancing.

What inspires you to pursue this talent?

What inspires me to pursue dancing is the deep connection it provides to my cultural heritage and the joy it brings to my life. While I don’t intend to pursue it as a profession, I am passionate about keeping it as a cherished hobby.

In my spare time, I teach Zumba classes to international students, and I aspire to continue doing so and potentially set up a similar initiative once I am more established in my career. This blend of personal fulfilment and teaching allows me to share my love for dance while balancing my professional aspirations.

How do you practice and improve your skills and how have you overcome these challenges?

I practice dancing regularly by dedicating at least an hour each day to it, using it as both a form of exercise and a creative outlet.

Balancing this hobby with my professional life can be challenging, as there are times when my work commitments prevent me from practicing as often as I’d like.

Despite these challenges, I make a conscious effort to stay connected to my passion by integrating dance into my routine whenever possible, ensuring that I maintain my skills and enthusiasm over time.

Can you share a memorable experience or performance related to your talent?

One of my most cherished memories related to dancing is from when I was around four or five years old. It was a special performance held at my father’s office—a rare opportunity for him to take time away from his busy schedule.

Usually, my mother would accompany me to these events, but this time, my father was there to watch. The experience was particularly memorable because, with his presence in the audience, I won the competition that day.

That moment remains special to me as it marked a significant personal achievement and a rare opportunity for my father to witness my passion for dance.

Who has been your biggest supporter or mentor in this journey? How has their support influenced your progress?

My biggest supporter and mentor throughout my journey has been my mother. From a young age, she has been a constant source of encouragement and inspiration.

Her support has been pivotal, not only in fostering my dance skills but also in encouraging me to explore various creative pursuits such as painting and swimming.

She has always emphasized the importance of nurturing my passions alongside my career, which has greatly influenced my development and enthusiasm for these activities.

Her belief in my potential and her guidance in exploring new interests have profoundly shaped my personal growth and dedication to my hobbies.

How do you balance your studies and your talent?

Balancing my studies with my dance practice can be a bit challenging, but I make it work by sticking to a routine. I dedicate about an hour each day to dancing, using it as a break from my academic work.

Even though my schedule can get tight, I always try to carve out time for my dance practice because it’s something I really enjoy. My mom’s encouragement to pursue various interests helps a lot, and her support keeps me motivated.

It’s all about finding that balance and making sure I stay connected to what I love while managing my responsibilities.

What does this talent mean to you personally?

To me, dancing is deeply personal. It’s not just a hobby but a way to honor my mother’s sacrifices. She gave up her own career to focus on our family, and she always wanted me to keep her passion for dance alive.

Every time I dance, I’m doing it not just for myself, but for her too. It’s a meaningful way to connect with her legacy and make sure that her love for dance continues through me.

How does it help you express yourself or deal with challenges?

Dancing acts as a form of therapy for me, especially during challenging times. When I’m feeling overwhelmed or burdened, letting my body move with the music helps me release those emotions. It’s like a magical way to express myself and find relief, turning my feelings into movement and rhythm. It’s a powerful tool for emotional balance and self-expression.

How do you handle feedback, both positive and negative?

I handle feedback, whether positive or negative, with a constructive mindset. My mother’s feedback is particularly valuable to me, and I take her suggestions very seriously because she knows my strengths and areas for improvement.

I also respect the feedback from my dance instructors, viewing it as an opportunity to grow. I see any feedback as a compliment, as it means someone believes I have potential and is invested in helping me improve.

Canon Sphere has opened up applications for internships with them for two months minimum.

About Canon Sphere

Canonsphere is an innovative platform that focuses on the growth and development of individuals in the legal field. Through engaging events, we provide law students with opportunities to participate in debates, moot courts, blog or article writing, drafting competitions, quizzes, and much more in collaboration with organizations having the same niche. At Canon Sphere, we are passionate about fostering positive change and empowering individuals to make a difference. We are soon launching startup consultancy services, we will strive to create an environment where ideas flourish and innovation thrives.

About the Opportunity

Applications are invited from eligible students for the following departments:

1. Journal and Content Department
2. Research Department
3. Human Resource and Support Department
4. Public Relations Department
5. Marketing Department
6. Freelance and Editorial Department
7. Outsourcing and Event Management

The internship would be for a minimum period of 2 months. A certificate of internship will be provided to those interns who complete a minimum period of two months.

Roles and Responsibilities

1. Strong sense of creative writing and research skills
2. Should be able to work on strategies and tools related to departments mentioned above
3. Should be detail-oriented and organized
4. Should be able to use editing tools like Canva
5. A solid understanding of MS Office is a must
6. Should possess strong communication skills both written and oral

Kindly note that responsibilities will depend upon the choice of your department, e.g. Journal and Content with research interns must be proficient in writing so that they can write on the assigned topics while marketing/PR interns will be required to make posters/promotional content, etc.

Eligibility Criteria

• Students from 3rd/ 4th / 5th year of 5-year law course or 2nd / 3rd year of 3-year law course.
• Can dedicate 2 hours a day
• Must have a laptop or Desktop
• Experience Preferred

Stipend

Stipends and other rewards will be performance-based. The top two interns will be provided a stipend.

How to Apply?

Apply through the link given below this post or through email.

• Applicants can send Resumes to [email protected]
• The subject of the mail Should be “Application of Internship”.
• Interns will be selected based on their interview performance.
• You will hear from them within the week of the Application.

Contact Information

For any queries, please contact at [email protected].

Click here to Apply

Sonsivison has opened up applications for a two-month offline/online internship from August 2024.

About Sonisvision Corporates LLP

Sonsivison was started with the simple idea that doing business in India should be easy. To accomplish our mission we are building the largest legal services platform in the world with a range of business services from Trademark to incorporation.

By making it easier to do business, we hope to unleash Entrepreneurship and help small businesses compete effectively. Sonisvision is a technology platform to simplify legal and business-related matters.

About the Opportunity

Sonsivison has opened up applications for a two-month offline/online Internship from the month of August 2024. Areas of work and research will be franchise law, business law, licensing, brand strategy, startup law, IT and E-Commerce Laws, Packaging and Labeling laws, and IPO.

Mode

Offline/ Online.

Eligibility Criteria

Law students and young lawyers.

How to Apply?

Please share your CV and a cover letter at [email protected]. The Subject of your application should be ‘Application for Offline / Online Internship in Ajmer Office starting August, 2024’.

Location

Billionpreet Growth Consultant Pvt Ltd Ajmer.

Contact Information

For any queries, please contact at 7297051181.

Click here for LinkedIn Notification

Are you searching for Internship Opportunities for Law Students in August 2024? Check out the list of 4 Internship Opportunities for Law Students in August 2024 below:

List of 4 Internship Opportunities for Law Students in August 2024

1. Internship Opportunity at Juris Centre [4 Weeks; September; Online; 6 Vacancies]: Apply by August 25!

Juris Centre is a comprehensive news analysis portal. It is a one stop destination for lawyers, students and other professionals to read and stay updated. We provide you with razor-sharp articles on legal, social and policy-related issues of national and international importance.

We are providing internship opportunities to law students and young professionals who are interested in building research capabilities, getting published and editing. A 21^st century professional cannot survive without networking. These internships are the right platform to build strong professional connections from the comfort of your home.

• Eligibility:
  • Undergraduate and postgraduate law students.
  • Students pursuing PhD programme in law.
  • Advocates and other professionals.
• Primary Duty: Legal Research and Article Writing.
• Perks: Internship certificate on successful completion.
• Location: It is a work from home (online) internship. All communication will be via email and WhatsApp only. Digital certificate(s) will be provided to candidates on successful completion of internship.
• Duration: August internship shall commence on 1^st September and it will be concluded on 30^th of September.
• Application: Internship aspirants should send their CV to Juris Centre via email. Email ID: [email protected].

Click here to access the website.

2. Internship Opportunity at Office of Hon’ble Mr. Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah, Supreme Court of India [Aug-Dec 2024]: Application by Nov 15

Office of Hon’ble Mr. Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah Supreme Court of India, is accepting internship applications on a rolling basis from August to December 2024.

• Eligibility: Students in their fourth or final year of the 5-year B.A. LL.B. program (or its equivalent) or in their second or final year of the LL.B. program are eligible to intern at the Office of Hon’ble Mr. Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah.
• Duration: 4 Weeks
• Mode: Physical
• Deadline: November 15, 2024
• Application: Click here to apply.

Click here to apply.

3. Internship Opportunity at Jus Corpus [September; 1 Month; Virtual]: Apply by Aug 28!

Jus Corpus is inviting applications for a virtual internship opportunity with them for the month of September 2024. The Internship period is from September 01 to September 30, 2024.

• Eligibility:
  • Any student pursuing a 3-year or 5-year LL.B. course from any recognized University.
  • Any student pursuing an LL.M. course from any recognized University.
  • Any person having a graduate or post-graduate degree in law from any recognized University.
• Mode: Virtual.
• Application: Those candidates who are interested in applying may send their CVs to our Official Email Address: [email protected] with the Subject: “Internship Application – Month”. For example, ‘Internship Application – September 2024‘.
• Deadline: August 28, 2024.
• Perks:
  • Turnitin Plagiarism Report for every Submission.
  • Practical insights about Writing & Research by the Content Team.
  • Certificate of Internship.
  • Letter of Recommendation to those who will perform exceptionally well.

Click here for LinkedIn Notification.

4. RCIOLS Online Legal Internship Programme 2024 [3 Months]: Apply by Aug 31

The Rashtriya Raksha University Centre for Indian Ocean Legal Studies (RCIOLS) organises an Internship Programme for young law students.

The purpose of this Programme is to acquaint young law students with the working of India’s first Centre for Indian Ocean Legal Studies under the School of Integrated Coastal and Maritime Security Studies at Rashtriya Raksha University, Ministry of Home Affairs by giving training in the field of research & referencing work, tendering legal advice in various specialized fields of law such as international and national maritime law, national security law, arbitration and conciliation, ITLOS etc.

• Eligibility: Indian and International students who are in 3 Year LLB or 5 Year Integrated (BALLB/BBALLB/BTechLLB etc.) or have completed their law degree from any recognized college /law school/ university are eligible to apply. Advance knowledge of computer (MS office, PowerPoint, Adobe, etc.) will be preferred.
• Duration: Duration of internship ordinarily remains for a period of three months and shall commence from the date of issuance of internship letter by the centre.
• Application: Click here to apply.
• Certification: On satisfactory completion of Internship, a certificate of internship shall be issued. For satisfactory completion, inter-alia, 90% attendance is mandatory and satisfactory remarks from the concerned authority (authority who assigned the work). This is a full-time internship and the interns are not expected to pursue any other internship/project/assignment(s) during the tenure of Internship.

Click here to apply.

For upcoming Internship opportunities 2024 for Law Students, Keep visiting Lawctopus.com.

Call for papers are invited for Indian Journal of Integrated Research in Law for Vol 4, Issue 4 for the year 2024. The last date of submission is August 20.

About IJIRL

The Indian Journal of Integrated Research in Law, ISSN: 2583-0538, is an online bi-monthly journal that promotes research in the field of law as an integrated subject.

IJIRL strives to provide a platform where everyone related to the field of law can contribute their research work on any topic related to law and allied subjects and further our goal of creating a quality-driven platform open to students and professionals alike which can be utilized to foster the growth of law as a discipline in the contemporary era while instilling a sense of curiosity for legal research.

Perks of Getting Published at IJIRL

• Indexed: The journal is indexed in reputable databases like Manupatra, HeinOnline, Google Scholar
  & ROAD, which makes the articles available to a wider community, thus, making the research available to all. Links To Verify Indexing:
  Manupatra: Click Here
  HeinOnline: Click Here
  Google Scholar: Click Here
  ROAD: Click Here
• Free DOI (Digital Object Identification): A DOI is a string of numbers, letters and symbols used to permanently identify an article or document and link to it on the web. A DOI will help a reader easily locate a document from the citation.
• Certificate of Excellence: The top 10 authors in each issue are given a softcopy of the Certificate of Excellence for their publication.
• Timely Processing of Manuscript: The whole review process takes up to 24-72 hours. The final publication is done within 1-4 working days of the payment of the processing fee.
• Internship Opportunities: The top authors in each issue will be provided with internship opportunities based on availability.
• Opportunity To Work As A Student Editor: The top authors are provided with an opportunity to work as student editors at IJIRL based on the availability of slots.

Theme

Any topic or issue relating to law or any related field can be sent for publication in IJIRL as the journal aims to promote interdisciplinary research in the field of law and related disciplines.

Eligibility

All Academicians, Research Scholars, Lawyers, Law Students or Anyone with an interest in the field of law and related disciplines can submit their original and unpublished manuscripts.

Types of Submission

IJIRL accepts submissions of manuscripts in the following categories:

• Long Articles (4000-6000 words, Excluding footnotes)
• Essays/Short Articles (1800-4000 words, Excluding footnotes)
• Case Notes and Legislative Comments (1500-2500 words)

Note: The journal may be flexible on the word limit depending on the quality of the article.

How to Submit?

The authors can submit their manuscripts through the form provided at the end of the post.

Note: In case of any difficulty in filling the submission form, the authors can submit their manuscript via email at [[email protected]]

Guidelines of Submission

The guidelines for publication must be strictly followed. The guidelines for publication in IJIRL can be accessed at the end of the post.

• Long articles and short articles must be accompanied by an Abstract.
• An article can be authored by up to 3 co-authors.
• All works must be original, unpublished, and must not be pending for review before any other journal.
• Any form of plagiarism will result in immediate disqualification for publication on IJIRL
• The first page of the manuscript should contain the title of the paper, the name of the authors, and their institutional affiliation, followed by an abstract.
• The main body of the manuscript should be in Times New Roman style, font size 12, with 1.5 line spacing and footnotes in Times New Roman Style, Size 10, with 1.0 line spacing. All headings must have uniform formatting.
• All footnotes/ references should conform to the Bluebook 20th Edition or ILI Rules of Footnoting.
• Once published, Copyright over the manuscript shall vest with “Indian Journal of Integrated Research in Law”.

Charges

• Single Authored Manuscript: INR 700/-
• Co-Authored Manuscript (Up to Three Authors): INR 900/-
• Foreign Authors (Outside India): $ 25/-

Contact

All correspondence and queries related to the submission may be addressed to [email protected].

Click here to submit.

Click here for Submission Guidelines.

Click here for the official notification.

Click here for the official website.

Note: This is a sponsored post.

Submissions are invited for the 10th International Conference on Law and Economics by RGSOIPL, IIT Kharagpur. Submit Abstracts by August 26!

About the Conference

The 10th International Conference on Law and Economics (ICLE, 2024) at IIT Kharagpur during 27-28 November, 2024 in association with the Law and Economics Trust (LET), for Techno-Economic and Legal Learning (TELL) in India, invites full papers for presentations in all areas of Law and Economics. The Conference will also focus on Blue Economy, being a complex multidisciplinary field, that relies on state-of-the art, science, and technologies, and institutions. Please browse the following weblink for further information JEL Classification Codes Guide (K: Law and Economics), https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php

Today, the concept of ‘blue’ is still a contestable phenomenon. From environmental law perspective the ‘blue economy’ must also be ‘green’. For that matter, the sedate discourse of blue economy thus far, is a consequence of uncertainty, enveloping deep conflicts within socio-economic processes. In addition, being a complex multidisciplinary field, much of the blue economy relies on truthful science and best available technologies.

From stone to digital ages, information on externalities have saturated the understanding of mankind. The transition of our civilization which is largely based on Human being – ecosystem convergence, thrives on the knowledge accumulated from such interaction. For example, use pattern of resources by individuals from barter system to price system have provided incentives to integrate the world in the form of digital transactions that created tangible and intangible properties. Industrial revolution 1.0 to 5.0, further brought transition from occupational centric livelihood to corporations and start-ups for higher rate of return that calls for innovator-investors interactions. Further, massive amount of data gets generated through digital transactions. Such valuable information is surreptitiously used by the money-mongers, targeting abnormal profits.

This in effect generates too many negative externalities. In the absence of accountability, the firms have very little incentive to price their products at the optimal level, corresponding the value of ecosystem services. State can play a vital role to correct such pricing mechanism. An additional question is whether international legal system has any profound impact on the ability of the state to further its interests through appropriate domestic legislations?

In this backdrop, there is a need to examine citizens’ role towards advancing social responsibility in tandem with constitutional mandates. From materialistic perspective, there is also a ubiquitous requirement that innovations in relation to ‘blueness’ (or may be ‘greenness’ too) are adequately integrated with socio-economic values, providing a basis for sustainable development by reducing rights-based conflicts.

Seamlessly, legal rules operate in tandem in multiple areas, including coastal ecology, pollution, fisheries, aquaculture, livelihood, sustainable development in coastal areas and right to exploit resources available in territorial water, exclusive economic zone and beyond where the notion sovereign control breaks down in favour of collective action.

In considerations to achieve Viksit Bharat @ 2047, the Conference motivates us to work on Sustainability of Human Energy for Sustainability of Utility of Life (She for Soul). Accordingly, the conference aims to open up a platform to deal with the complex shades of blue economy.

The fundamental purpose is to present an opportunity to professionals, teachers, students and whosoever possess the heart to argue in favour of ‘blue growth’. The, program will allow the participants to delve little far into the mesmerizing world of law and economics, feeding us with necessary support to shape theories and practices that ideally should justify our future actions.

Let us embark upon a fresh journey to celebrate the cause that there is only one planet called “Earth.”

Eligibility

The Conference on 10th International Conference on Law and Economics with Special Reference to Blue Economy is open for:

• academicians
• researchers
• practitioners
• professionals having expertise/interest in law and economics

Location

Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.

Call For Papers

The conference invites paper proposals addressing the intersection of law, economics, and the blue economy in the context of national and international challenges. Submissions should focus on how legal and economic tools can be used to promote sustainability and address key themes, including:

• Law and Bio-economics
• Advantages of Technology in Aquatic Data Analytics
• Strategies Alliance, State Sovereignty and Shared Resources in International Law. Global Commons and Blue Economy
• Managing Environmental Risks and Social Equity. Tourism and Blue Economy
• Blue Growth and Sustainable Development in Marine Sectors. Policy on Blue Economy
• Energy Security and Blue Economy Circular Economies and Ocean Governance
• Marine Spatial Planning: A Law and Economics Perspective Energy and Competition Law
• Livelihood and Blue Economy
• The conference seeks to contribute to a future where the blue economy thrives in harmony with the environment, supporting sustainable development and a just distribution of benefits.

The sub-themes mentioned above are indicative and not exhaustive in nature. Interested participants can submit their abstracts on allied subjects/topics related to the theme of the conference.

Submission of Abstract/Full Paper

• We invite paper proposals, addressing issues related to law and economics in the context of national and international priority challenges. The proposals should consist of an abstract of 500 words that outlines the research relevance and approach pertaining to the law and economics interface.
• Proposals should be submitted to [email protected] by 26 August, 2024 and will be reviewed by review panel.
• The following details must also be mentioned in the body of the email:
  • Title of the paper and the relevant theme Name of the author(s) [max. three authors] Author affiliation
  • A Brief bio-data of the author(s) (max. 100 words)
  • Contact no. and Email of the author(s)
• Structuring of the Abstract:
  • Title: Times New Roman (Bold)
  • The abstract may include keywords (maximum: four)
• Authors of accepted proposals will be notified by 14 September, 2024. Full papers are due by 5 November, 2024.

Paper Submission, Registration & Structuring of the Full Paper

• After abstract approval, the participants are requested to register and send their full papers to [email protected]. The full papers should be between 5,000 to 7,000 words, and accompanied with the approved abstract. Each paper may have not more than three authors. Font Size: Times New Roman-12; Line Spacing-1.5.
• Regarding the Footnote, Font Size will be 10 and Line Spacing-1 Citation style: OSCOLA 4th Edition.

Important Instructions

• Students must submit a student ID or letter of supervisor, or any document stating that the student is currently enrolled at a college or university. The document must be sent by email to the Conference e-mail ID: [email protected].
• After registration, there will be no cancellation.
• At least 1 author of the paper should be physically present during Conference.
• For any questions regarding the registration please contact the Conference Committee.
• Kindly note that the organisers are not liable for the consequences of any unpredictable event that might disturb the sequence of the Conference

Fee Details

• Indian Participant: Rs. 2500
• Student: 1500
• International Participant: USD 100

The fee will cover conference material, breakfast, lunch, Dinner, including coffee breaks throughout the conference. Accommodation and travel are not included in the registration fee.

Accommodation

On campus accommodation will be arranged on payment basis. We have reserved a few rooms [INR 2000+GST per night for single occupation; and INR 1500+GST per night per person for double occupation]. The link to get the details of the guest house is: http://www.tgh.iitkgp.ac.in/.

Prizes

The shortlisted paper may be published. Details will be shared later.

Deadlines

Contact

Email: [email protected]

Click here for the official notification.

Center of Policy Research and Governance (CPRG) is accepting applications for Paid Public Policy Internship.

About CPRG

The Center of Policy Research and Governance (CPRG) is a Delhi-based independent think tank that aims to promote responsive and participatory policy-making through cutting-edge research and analysis across a wide range of policy areas.

About the Opportunity

CPRG is accepting applications for Paid Internship. If you’re passionate about public policy and eager to make a meaningful impact in society, this opportunity is for you.

Eligibility Criteria

Candidates from diverse backgrounds and encourage individuals with a strong interest in public policy and governance are invited to apply.

How to Apply?

Click on the link provided below to apply.

Contact Information

For any inquiries or further information, feel free to reach out to us at [email protected]

Click here to apply.

Click here for the LinkedIn Notification.

About Lawctopus Law School (LLS)

Conceptualized and kick-started in May 2019, and formally launched in March 2020, Lawctopus Law School has taught a wide range of skills to over 8200+ law students, young lawyers, professionals, academicians, and business people in the last 10 months. Over 300 students have rated our courses and the average rating is 92/100 and call our online courses a ‘warm’ learning experience!

Our courses on Legal Research and Writing, Contract Drafting and Negotiation, Litigation Basics, Online Dispute Resolution, Intellectual Property Rights (with separate modules too for Trademarks, Copyrights, and Patents), and Mooting have transformed how people look at legal education and online legal education. Our free and open webinars have been attended by over 20,000 people.

This has meant wide-ranging industry recognition with tie-ups with law firms like Surana and Surana, Sujata Choudhari IP Attorneys, publishers like Oakbridge, industry bodies like Delhi Management Association, etc. We were also shortlisted for the Agami Prize 2020.

Check out Lawctopus Law School here.

About the Course

What will be the best use of your law degree?

Making a lot of money? Or making a difference? Not to say that they are mutually exclusive but if you were to pick one, what would it be?

Did you know that in India there is only one advocate on average for every 161 inmates?

Even when we have free legal aid clinics in place, ensuring quality legal assistance to these inmates, who by the way, are supposed to be “innocent until proven guilty”, has been a challenge that remains to be overcome.

How would you feel if you acquired the right legal skills to be able to successfully defend their civil liberties and save them a lifetime of misery by helping them secure bail? Pretty amazing, we assume.

We want to help you be the voice of the voiceless and defend the indefensible, fight for the ones who have been let down by systems, and suffer misfortunes and travesty of justice.

One of our many goals (all of them include watching you succeed) is imparting Justice Education by equipping our legal fraternity with the requisite skills to ensure free access to justice and fair trial in our country.

We wish to impart Justice Education along with Legal Education to help you achieve your true potential and change the world for the better, one person at a time.

In pursuance of the same, we had conducted a two-day workshop in December 2020 where Advocate Ashima Mandla had shared her experiences as a criminal lawyer and taught our attendees how to argue and draft bail applications by taking a thoroughly practical and experiential approach.

This is a short, self-paced course on drafting bail applications based on those lectures by Advocate Ashima Mandla, replete with a detailed Reading Resource, Assignment on drafting a bail application arising out of an FIR (inspired by a real case handled by Adv. Mandla), a sample bail application and Adv. Mandla’s draft in that very case for your self-assessment. There is another bail application drafted by another criminal lawyer for your reference.

If you are motivated enough to learn how to draft bail applications and work towards building a just society together, we will ensure that you acquire the skills through this course!

Register for the course by making the payment on this page [click here].

Logistical Details

Duration: 4 weeks (Course Access will be for 3 months)

Course Fee: Pay what you can! Gift economy! The suggested contribution is Rs. 400.

Mode of learning

• Completely online and self-paced
• Recorded video lectures
• Text-based modules and reading resources along with sample drafts
• No live sessions

Note: You’ll be given access to the course within 2-4 days of registering.

Who Should Enroll?

If you are a law student or a legal professional in any area of practice, you can join this course. We are only looking for the zeal to rise to the occasion and work towards a better criminal justice system.

What Will You Learn?

• What are the different kinds of bail applications?
• How to research and draft bail applications?
• What is the jurisdiction for filing bail applications?
• What is the procedure for hearing them?
• How to successfully argue for and secure bail?

You will be able to answer all of these questions after completing this course.

Register for the course by making the payment on this page [click here].

The Course Structure

Module I

Introduction to Bail Jurisprudence

In this module, you will go through a detailed Reading Resource to learn in-depth about the basics of the criminal justice system, criminal drafting in general and drafting bail applications in particular.

You will also get to witness an insightful lecture delivered by Advocate Ashima Mandla where she talks about the basics of bail applications and the importance of drafting them well.

Drafting Bail Applications (Assignment)

After completing the first module, you will go through the problem statement, instructions, Dummy FIR & sample bail application to draft your own bail application based on the Dummy FIR.

Module II

Approaching Bail Applications

After completing your assignment by drafting the bail application, in this module, you will get access to the second lecture delivered by Advocate Ashima Mandla where she’s judging the oral submissions made by law students and then giving them feedback, tips and tricks to draft and argue bail applications.

You will then self-correct and self-assess your draft based on this lecture and the Final Bail Application which was drafted by Advocate Ashima Mandla.

Note: You’ll be given access to the course within 2-4 days of registering.

About the Mentor

Ashima Mandla is a first-generation Criminal Defense Attorney practicing in Supreme Court, High Court of Delhi, across various District Courts and Tribunals in Delhi/NCR for almost 4 years.

She is a Partner at Mandla & Singh Law Chambers and the Secretary of Criminal Justice Society of India. She has previously worked in Senior Advocate Mr. K.T.S Tulsi’s chambers where she discovered her love for criminal law.

In her quest for justice, she successfully secured bail for 400 accused persons in Tablighi Jamaat case. Being deeply concerned about the insufficient provision of food to the poor in our country, where almost 7000 people die of hunger every single day, she filed a PIL in Supreme Court for establishing pan-India community kitchens which has been admitted to be heard further.

She continues to fight the good fight defending our civil liberties.

Note: You’ll be given access to the course within 2-4 days of registering.

Add-On Benefits

• Get a certificate issued by Lawctopus on successful completion of the course
• Additional bail application drafted by a criminal lawyer practising in Delhi
• Recorded lecture on CV making
• Recorded lecture on LinkedIn Profile Building
• Recorded lecture on Pre-Trial Concepts in Criminal Proceedings
• Publication opportunities at Academike, Lawctopus’ Law Journal

Certificate Criteria

To secure your Certificate of Completion, after 30 days from the date you were enrolled, you must attempt the ‘Certificate Generation Quiz‘ which will be accessible to you at the same place where you find the Modules for this Course.

The quiz will entail 10 MCQs, you must score at least 6/10 to successfully download your certificate.

Register for the course by making the payment on this page [click here].

Need help to decide? Feel free to reach out to us on these channels.

Phone calls/WhatsApp Number: 935 968 4056 (Ishani Patankar, Counsellor, Lawctopus Law School)

Email: [email protected]

This Law School Experience has been shared anonymously.

“A mind that is stretched by new experiences can never go back to its old dimensions.”

Let me tell you how I got into the law field, in the final year of high school, I was deeply immersed in the world of science. My days were filled with complex equations, fascinating chemical reactions, and intricate biological processes.

The decision to pursue law—a field seemingly worlds apart from my scientific studies—was unexpected, both to my peers and myself. Yet, it was a decision that would shape my future in ways I could never have anticipated.

The transition from science to law was not sudden. It was a gradual shift, spurred by a growing interest in social issues and a desire to understand the framework that governs our society.

As I delved deeper into the realms of biology and physics, I found myself increasingly captivated by the stories behind scientific discoveries: the ethical dilemmas, the legal battles, and the societal impacts.

This fascination led me to explore the intersection of science and law, where I discovered a world rich with possibilities. So here was my law journey started.

Personal Reflection

Choosing law was akin to stepping into uncharted territory. My first day at law school felt like the beginning of an adventure. I was surrounded by students who, unlike me, had spent their high school years honing their debating skills and immersing themselves in political science and history.

The initial weeks were challenging as I grappled with legal terminology and complex judicial concepts.

However, my background in science provided a unique perspective. Analytical skills honed through years of scientific study proved invaluable when dissecting case laws and constructing legal arguments.

The precision required in scientific experiments translated well into the meticulous nature of legal research. While my classmates drew upon their knowledge of history and politics, I brought a fresh viewpoint, often linking legal principles to scientific analogies

As I navigated through the initial semesters, I discovered a profound sense of fulfillment. The law was not just a set of rules but a dynamic and evolving field that could influence and change society.

Each case we studied revealed a story of human struggle, resilience, and the quest for justice. My scientific curiosity morphed into a legal one, and I began to appreciate the intricacies and nuances of the legal system.

Academic Experience

Academically, law school was simple although it was demanding, with extensive readings, complex case studies, and relentless assessments.

My science background initially seemed a disadvantage, as I was unaccustomed to the voluminous reading and the abstract nature of legal concepts.

Yet, it also became my strength. The discipline and critical thinking skills I developed as a science student enabled me to approach legal problems methodically.

Courses like Constitutional Law and Torts were eye-opening. They provided insights into the foundational principles that underpin our legal system.

My favorite, subjects were IPC and company law. IPC is like honey in law subjects seems to be interesting and interactive and thanks to my subject faculty Samsul Ma’am for making it so engaging and simple. About company law it profound the seed in my heart to become a corporate lawyer.

Last but not least professors played a pivotal role in my journey. They were not just educators but mentors who guided and inspired me. Their passion for the law was infectious, and their diverse experiences provided a broader perspective on legal practice.

Engaging in lively classroom debates and discussions helped refine my analytical skills and taught me to view issues from multiple angles.

Extracurricular Activities

“Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.”

Beyond academics, extracurricular activities enriched my law school experience. Joining the Tamil Nadu Youth Parliament as a speaker was a natural progression, given my newfound interest in constructing and defending arguments. It was daunting at first, but each debate honed my public speaking skills and confidence.

Another significant aspect of my extracurricular life was the legal aid clinic. Volunteering there offered a practical application of classroom knowledge. Working on real cases, under the supervision of experienced attorneys, provided invaluable insights into the legal profession.

The clinic exposed me to the human side of law—the clients’ stories, their struggles, and the impact of legal intervention. It was a humbling and motivating experience that reinforced my decision to pursue law.

Participating in moot court competitions as a researcher was another highlight. These simulated court proceedings were intense and required a deep understanding of legal principles, meticulous preparation, and the ability to think on one’s feet.

My scientific training, with its emphasis on precision and analysis, proved advantageous here as well. Each competition was a learning experience, pushing me to refine my legal reasoning and advocacy skills.

I experienced my first major success as a researcher when I was honoured as the best researcher in the 2nd intra moot court competition. This recognition was incredibly honourable and overwhelming, marking a significant milestone in my academic journey.

Conclusion

Reflecting on my journey from a science student to a law student, I realize that it was not just about changing fields but about evolving as an individual.

Law school has been a transformative experience, challenging me academically and personally. It has broadened my horizons, blending my scientific curiosity with a passion for justice and societal impact.

The path was not without its challenges, but each obstacle was a stepping stone toward personal growth and professional development. The decision to pursue law, initially seen as a departure from my scientific roots, has proven to be a convergence of my interests and aspirations.

As I look forward to the future, I am excited about the opportunities that lie ahead. Whether it is in environmental law, legal advocacy, or any other field, I am confident that the skills and experiences gained during my law school journey will serve as a solid foundation.

This journey has not just been about acquiring knowledge but about finding a purpose and a passion that will guide me in making a meaningful contribution to society.

I would like to end my law tale with a quote “What you do today can improve all your tomorrows”.

This law school experience is a part of our experience series. Stay tuned for more!

Submissions are invited for 7^th Transdisciplinary International Conference on Emerging Trends in Governance and Global Plurality: Envisioning Equilibrium by Amity Law School, Noida. Submit Abstracts by August 30!

About the University

Amity University is a leading research private university established in 2005 under a State Act. It is recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with an”A+” grade.

The University has twenty-one campuses in India and eight international locations. Its campuses are spread across National and International locations such as London, New York, Singapore, San Francisco, Dubai, Romania, Taiwan and Mauritius. Amity University is a leading education provider in India with 29 campuses across India and offers 240 programmes.

It has more than 4,000 faculty and 95,000 students studying in various disciplines from school to Post-Doctoral levels. The campus has state-of-the-art amenities that provide a favorable learning atmosphere, including innovative labs, an extensive library, and areas set aside for research and leisure. The institution takes great pride in its highly qualified faculty members, who infuse their instruction with a wealth of real-world knowledge and industry skill.

About the Institution

“Amity Law School, Noida” is one of the leading institutions in the field of law. It was established as a philanthropic initiative by our Hon’ble Founder President – Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan. Amity Law School, Noida has been conferred the South Asia Legal Excellence Award, Best emerging Law School award by SILF and MILAT, along with the “Promising Law School‟ award by Legal Desire. It is the dream of our Founder President Sir – Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan, to make Amity Law School, Noida a world-class educational institute in India and beyond.

It has set the benchmark in legal education by providing ample opportunities for education, research and capacity building. Amity Law School, Noida aims to impart high-quality professional education in a vibrant academic ambience with distinguished faculty and resource persons from the industry. Amity Law School, Noida has proved to be an epitome of legal education by striving for excellence in all its endeavors.

Main Theme of Conference

A multifaceted society like ours is prominently akin with law. A politically stable society prioritizes welfarism for maintaining harmony and order. Law reflects a very deeply rooted intertwining with political scenario of any nation. Infact it is futile to discuss law in isolation without its impact on the changes in the surroundings including governance and civil society.

Public policies must be addressed and synchronised efficiently within the intersectional communities through adept legislations and effective administration. The equilibrium between law and socio-political dynamics is must for a flourishing society.

The contributions of the legal institutions for the political processes are appreciative but as the dynamics of society is everchanging, it is required for the stakeholders to keep pace with those changes and understand the nexus among them.

Transdisciplinary approach promotes and appreciates interdisciplinary research which have paved a better way to assimilate. It is reflected in robust legal policies and legislations of the present scenario. Exploration of law and political studies converge and diverge by advancing universality.

The theme of the conference is an apposite attempt to address such socio-policital and legal issues with inputs from students, eminent scholars, academicians, political thinkers, lawyers, and other stakeholders from various disciplines through panel discussions followed by paper presentations. This international transdisciplinary conference is the 7th edition to the previous successful international transdisciplinary conferences organized in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022 and 2023.

Objectives of the Conference

• To understand the philosophy and deep meaning of the theme of the conference.
• To assess the impact of changes in political structure in the global arena.
• To identify the factors responsible for changes in global governance plurality.
• To embellish the understanding of the academicians, researchers, students and scholars in-depth    understanding and philosophical transdisciplinary contribution towards the knowledge building.

The above objectives are sought to be achieved by having panel deliberations of eminent scholars from academia and other stakeholders from various disciplines followed by paper presentations.

Sub-Themes of the Conference

1. Access to justice for socially/economically/politically marginalised groups
2. Augmentation of economic development and state
3. Bridging intersectional boundaries in contemporary public policy
4. Constructing new constitutional cultures
5. Contributions of legal actors such as judges, lawyers, etc. in shaping the law
6. Cosmocracy: reflections on global governance
7. Ethics, accountability and transparency in the conduct of election
8. Harmonizing legal landscape through cultural inclusivity
9. Interplay of justice, politics and legal order
10. Legal change and social ambivalence
11. Legal pluralism in an intersectional society
12. Participation of youth in governance
13. Perceptions of democracy, rule of law in a welfare state
14. Public infrastructure, health, education and housing
15. Public institutions, governance and social accountability
16. Reforms for strengthening administrative sustainability
17. Revamping of legal regime by elected government
18. Role of international organizations in world and national governance
19. Role of media in bridging governance and citizens
20. Roles and responsibilities of state and civil Society
21. RTI as a tool for democratic empowerment of citizens
22. Social morality and ethics in governance
23. State and constitution in a majoritarian electocracy
24. Technological governance for sustainable and equitable future
25. Trends in global governance
26. Women in politics

*Note: Any paper which is not covered within the above sub-themes but is aligned with the main theme of the conference will also be considered for presentation.

Submission Guidelines

Abstract

• The abstract shall not exceed 300 words. It should include the title of the paper, keywords, the presenter’s name, designation, institutional affiliation, mailing address, contact number and E- mail ID.
• The abstract should be typed in Times New Roman, font size 12 with 1.5 line spacing.
• The abstract shall be sent to [email protected] with the subject line ‘Abstract – Transdisciplinary International Conference 2024’. All submissions shall be sent in .doc/.docx format only.
• Intimation for acceptance/improvisation will be provided within 2-3 days from the last date of the submission of abstract.
• A conference proceedings consisting of abstracts which are selected for presentation during the conference will be published with ISBN.
• Co-authorship of maximum one person is allowed. Separate payments are to be made by each author.

Full Paper

• The length of full paper including tables, diagrams, illustrations, references, etc. should be 3000-8000 words. The paper should be typed in Times New Roman, font size 12 with 1.5 line spacing.
• The footnotes must be typed in Times New Roman, font size 10 with single spacing. The margin of 1 inch on all sides must be maintained throughout the paper.
• Bluebook 20th Edition/APA shall be strictly followed for footnoting. Do not mention references, only footnoting will be considered.
• The      full      paper   should be        submitted        in            soft      copy    and shall be sent to [email protected] with the subject line ‘Full Paper – International Conference 2024’ along with the certificate of originality duly filled by the presenter(s). All submissions should be sent in .doc/.docx format only.

Note: Research papers with less than 10% plagiarism will only be considered for publication in the edited book.

Best Paper

Best paper presentations from each technical session will be duly acknowledged.

Paper Presentation Guidelines

• Presenters are solely responsible for the creation of their presentation. The presentation should be based on the approved/accepted paper but may include updates and related additional content. A paper must be presented otherwise it will not be published. Only the listed presenters may present their paper.
• For a successful and productive conference, all presenters should adhere to the following guidelines:
• PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) is encouraged for presentation at the conference. The selected participants are required to email their final PPT by 7th September 2024.
• All presentations are to be in English. The presenter(s) should be able to understand and respond to audience questions in English.
• Presentations should be of 8-10 minutes which shall be inclusive of 3 minutes for questions.
• During the presentation, the presenter is required to keep the video and audio switched on mode. Presenter(s)are required to dress professionally and also have a decent background while giving presentation. All the kinds of disturbances must be avoided.

Submission Deadlines

• Abstract Submission Deadline: 30^th August, 2024
• Full Paper Submission Deadline: 5^nd September, 2024
• Last Date of Registration: 5^nd September, 2024

Notification of Acceptance/Improvisation: Within 2-3 days of the submission of abstract/paper.

Registration Process

• The participants are required to make payment through link provided at the end of this post
• The participants are required to register through the link provided at the end of this post.

Note: The registration form is to be filled after making the payment through above portal. It is mandatory for every participant/ attendee to register after making payment.

Registration Fee

* Payment is to be made by each author separately.

Payment Guidelines

• In case of co-authorship, equivalent additional fee has to be paid by the co-author. The submission of the consolidated fee is to be made via a single transaction by the main author.
• The payment link for the presenters has been shared above.
• Post making the payment it is mandatory for the presenter to fill the registration form, as provided above.

Contact

• Phone No.: +91 8700124386, +91 9810184529, +91 9899752263
• Email-id: [email protected]

Click here to make the payment.

Click here to register.

Click here for the official notification.

About Youth ki Awaaz

Youth Ki Awaaz, India’s leading, award-winning civic-engagement platform for young people is conducting a crucial survey to improve the road safety system in India. We’re seeking inputs from law practitioners like you, who play a vital role in handling road accident cases.

Your Perspective Matters

If you’re a lawyer, legal counsel, or judge with experience in road accident cases, we want to learn from your expertise. Your insights will help us understand how the judicial system handles these cases and how we can advocate for better policies and emergency care systems for victims.

This survey will contain questions on how your experience has been dealing with road accident cases and how bystanders can be encouraged to help road crash victims.

Your insights will help us advocate for better legal and medical awareness to encourage bystanders to help victims of road crashes.

Participation Details

• Format: A 15-20-minute interview via phone, video call, or online form, at your convenience, within the month of August.
• Language: Available in Hindi or English.
• Alternative: You can also complete an online survey form in your preferred language.

Interested?

Please take 2 minutes to fill out this Google Form to express your interest. We’ll get back to you with further details in the next 2 days.

Confidentiality Guaranteed

Your participation is confidential, and your responses will be used solely for this study.

Contact

For any queries, please reach out to us at [email protected].

Click here to express your interest.

Submissions are invited for the 2^nd SILP Essay Writing Competition by NUJS, Kolkata. Submit by September 15!

About the organizer

The Society of International Law and Policy (‘SILP’) of the National University of Juridical Sciences is an academic society that seeks to create awareness about contemporary international issues of legal importance. The Society runs the SILP Blog which has been recognized as one of the Top 30 International Law Blogs.

It seeks to develop a synergy between law and policy at the international level while recognizing that geo-political trends in the transnational space have impacts at the municipal level. This essay competition seeks to further discourse on relevant topics in contemporary international law.

SILP is inviting submissions for the “2^nd NUJS SILP Essay Writing Competition 2024”.

Details about the event

The 2nd NUJS SILP Essay Competition is being organized in collaboration with the NUJS Centre of International Law and Diplomacy. This competition aims to further discourse on relevant topics in contemporary international law. Participants in this pan-India competition have a chance to win cash prizes, publication opportunities, and merit certificates from NUJS.

Essay Themes